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Full-Service Restaurants

National industry · NAICS 722511

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Full-Service Restaurants is a U.S. industry in the NAICS classification. The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates about 5,361,080 workers across 109 detailed occupations in it. A typical worker earns around $36,435 a year (Singulariki estimate, see below).

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing food services to patrons who order and are served while seated (i.e., waiter/waitress service) and pay after eating. These establishments may provide this type of food service to patrons in combination with selling alcoholic beverages, providing carryout services, or presenting live nontheatrical entertainment. Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

Employment is national May 2024 OEWS. "Typical pay" is Singulariki's own figure — the employment-weighted average of each occupation's national median wage — a rough center of the industry, not an official BLS number.

How exposed this industry is to AI

Weighting every occupation in this industry by its employment and its unified AI-exposure index (the OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" human-rated task overlap folded with the Felten/Raj/Seamans AIOE index), this industry sits in the Low band — 26th percentile across all industries.

Exposure measures how much of the work overlaps with what today's AI can do, not a prediction of automation; high-exposure industries are where AI is most likely to reshape tasks. Employment-weighted across 64 occupations that carry an exposure score. Compare every industry on the AI exposure hub.

How AI is actually used in this industry

Among measured Claude.ai (Free and Pro) conversations mapped to O*NET task statements (Anthropic Economic Index, 2026-01-15), these patterns are most associated with the occupations in this industry, weighted by its employment mix. They are shares of observed AI conversations — not of worker time, revenue, or what could be automated — and reflect one AI assistant's consumer sample, not all AI.

Signal coverage 84.7% of employment · 48/68 occupations have AEI task data
Augmentation vs. automation 41.2% working with AI · 41.3% handed to AI
Most common pattern Directive · AI does it; you give the instruction
Typical AI autonomy 3.6 / 5 · higher = AI acts more independently

Tasks driving the signal

The task families that account for the most AI activity across this industry's occupations (employment × observed usage), each attributed to the occupation it comes from.

Task Occupation How Share of signal
Plan parties or other special events and services. Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop Iteration 22.2%
Answer customers' questions, and provide information on procedures or policies. Cashiers Directive 18.8%
Plan and price menu items. Cooks, Restaurant Directive 11.8%
Describe and recommend wines to customers. Waiters and Waitresses Directive 8.9%
Weigh, measure, and mix ingredients according to recipes or personal judgment, using various kitchen utensils and equipment. Cooks, Restaurant Directive 6.3%
Troubleshoot problems involving office equipment, such as computer hardware and software. Office Clerks, General Feedback loop 5.8%
Bake, roast, broil, and steam meats, fish, vegetables, and other foods. Cooks, Restaurant Directive 3.4%
Provide guests with information about local areas, including giving directions. Waiters and Waitresses Iteration 3.4%
Assist customers by providing information and resolving their complaints. Cashiers Iteration 2.6%
Train workers in food preparation, and in service, sanitation, and safety procedures. First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers Learning 1.9%
Ensure food is stored and cooked at correct temperature by regulating temperature of ovens, broilers, grills, and roasters. Cooks, Restaurant Directive 1.4%
Specify food portions and courses, production and time sequences, and workstation and equipment arrangements. First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers Directive 1.3%

Occupations behind the signal

The occupations whose AI-touched tasks contribute most to this industry's signal, by employment here.

Occupation Workers Share How they use AI
Waiters and Waitresses 1,735,540 32.4% Directive
Cooks, Restaurant 1,078,250 20.1% Directive
Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop 357,110 6.7% Iteration
Bartenders 308,430 5.8% Directive
First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers 291,090 5.4% Directive
Food Preparation Workers 214,960 4.0% Learning
Cashiers 96,550 1.8% Directive
Food Service Managers 87,620 1.6% Directive
Chefs and Head Cooks 87,040 1.6% Directive
General and Operations Managers 76,680 1.4% Iteration
Cooks, Fast Food 37,330 0.7% Directive
Cooks, Short Order 36,820 0.7% Directive

This rollup is only as complete as the occupation-task matches available for the industry; the coverage figure above is shown so sparse industries do not look falsely precise. AI exposure is not the same as replacement.

Skill & tool metabolism

What this industry's work actually runs on. Each figure is the share of the industry's workers in occupations that significantly rely on a skill, knowledge area, or ability (O*NET importance ≥ 3 of 5), or that use a tool category — its employment reach. This is a measure of how widespread a requirement is across the workforce, not how intensively any one worker uses it. Shares are independent and need not add to 100%.

Based on 99.0% of this industry's employment that maps to a detailed occupation with an O*NET skill profile.

Skills

Skill Employment reach Workers
Speaking 82.8% 4,439,850
Active Listening 73.2% 3,926,340
Service Orientation 71.9% 3,855,770
Monitoring 70.1% 3,757,100
Social Perceptiveness 60.9% 3,263,220
Coordination 58.5% 3,138,110
Time Management 43.2% 2,317,270
Critical Thinking 38.6% 2,069,810
Reading Comprehension 19.0% 1,017,590
Complex Problem Solving 17.3% 929,090
Active Learning 17.0% 910,930
Persuasion 16.6% 887,460

Knowledge areas

Knowledge area Employment reach Workers
English Language 94.5% 5,066,260
Customer and Personal Service 72.6% 3,894,730
Sales and Marketing 53.1% 2,845,700
Food Production 38.5% 2,061,650
Education and Training 14.9% 796,630
Administration and Management 13.1% 704,830
Production and Processing 10.7% 573,740
Personnel and Human Resources 10.4% 557,310
Administrative 5.9% 317,920
Mathematics 5.8% 310,400
Economics and Accounting 5.1% 272,310
Public Safety and Security 2.1% 111,760

Abilities

Abilitie Employment reach Workers
Near Vision 99.0% 5,305,760
Oral Comprehension 93.4% 5,007,060
Speech Recognition 88.2% 4,730,320
Oral Expression 88.0% 4,717,200
Speech Clarity 87.5% 4,689,110
Trunk Strength 82.7% 4,435,270
Problem Sensitivity 80.6% 4,320,770
Information Ordering 80.0% 4,287,590
Manual Dexterity 74.5% 3,995,020
Arm-Hand Steadiness 73.5% 3,939,590
Time Sharing 62.5% 3,353,020
Deductive Reasoning 57.4% 3,074,700

Tool categories

Tool category Employment reach Workers
Web page creation and editing software 84.4% 4,523,470
Point of sale POS software 83.5% 4,474,750
Spreadsheet software 54.6% 2,925,030
Data base user interface and query software 53.2% 2,854,040
Office suite software 48.2% 2,581,850
Electronic mail software 39.2% 2,103,650
Instant messaging software 36.3% 1,946,580
Word processing software 35.7% 1,911,440
Operating system software 25.0% 1,339,130
Materials requirements planning logistics and supply chain software 23.6% 1,264,510
Compliance software 20.5% 1,096,760
Calendar and scheduling software 14.4% 771,270
Computer based training software 12.0% 641,820
Enterprise resource planning ERP software 12.0% 641,270
Presentation software 11.9% 640,630

Reach = share of industry employment in occupations where the requirement is significant; it is not a per-worker usage or proficiency measure. Skill, knowledge, and ability importance is from O*NET; tool use is reported presence of a technology category.

Largest occupations

Exposure quadrant: AI task-overlap percentile vs Median pay AI task-overlap (horizontal) versus median pay (vertical), each as a percentile across all scored occupations, for 38 occupations in Full-Service Restaurants. Overlap measures shared tasks with AI, not automation. Lower overlap · higher pay Higher overlap · higher pay Higher overlap · lower pay Lower overlap · lower pay Dishwashers Food Preparation Workers Maintenance and Repair Workers, General Separating, Filtering, Clarifying, Precipitating, and Still Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders Driver/Sales Workers Butchers and Meat Cutters Chefs and Head Cooks Food Service Managers Waiters and Waitresses First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers General and Operations Managers Business Operations Specialists, All Other Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks Human Resources Specialists AI task-overlap percentile → ↑ Median pay
The largest occupations in this industry with both an AI task-overlap score and a wage, plotted by task-overlap percentile (horizontal) and median-pay percentile (vertical). Overlap measures shared tasks with AI, not automation.

The occupations that employ the most people in this industry, with their share of the industry's workforce and national median pay for the occupation (not industry-specific pay).

Occupation Workers Share National median pay
Waiters and Waitresses 1,735,540 32.4% $33,780
Cooks, Restaurant 1,078,250 20.1% $36,770
Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop 357,110 6.7% $29,990
Bartenders 308,430 5.8% $35,090
Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers 307,080 5.7% $32,150
Dishwashers 297,980 5.6% $33,280
First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers 291,090 5.4% $47,100
Food Preparation Workers 214,960 4.0% $35,540
Fast Food and Counter Workers 120,730 2.3% $31,200
Cashiers 96,550 1.8% $28,650
Food Service Managers 87,620 1.6% $71,220
Chefs and Head Cooks 87,040 1.6% $59,490
General and Operations Managers 76,680 1.4% $67,200
Food Preparation and Serving Related Workers, All Other 50,510 0.9% $34,480
Cooks, Fast Food 37,330 0.7% $29,990
Cooks, Short Order 36,820 0.7% $34,740
Driver/Sales Workers 34,960 0.7% $31,010
Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 21,870 0.4% $35,240
Office Clerks, General 13,850 0.3% $41,750
Bakers 13,190 0.2% $37,160
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 11,240 0.2% $49,980
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 9,080 0.2% $35,720
Retail Salespersons 8,570 0.2% $28,430
Training and Development Specialists 5,950 0.1% $32,600
Security Guards 5,690 0.1% $40,150
Accountants and Auditors 4,810 0.1% $72,880
Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners 3,410 0.1% $58,770
Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive 3,060 0.1% $38,570
Cooks, All Other 2,880 0.1% $34,450
Customer Service Representatives 2,880 0.1% $30,630
Separating, Filtering, Clarifying, Precipitating, and Still Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 2,510 0.0% $47,080
Human Resources Specialists 2,410 0.0% $72,270
Food Servers, Nonrestaurant 2,330 0.0% $31,950
Business Operations Specialists, All Other 2,130 0.0% $59,240
First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers 2,050 0.0% $46,790
Butchers and Meat Cutters 1,920 0.0% $42,440
Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 1,880 0.0% $50,370
Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 1,720 0.0% $31,370
Stockers and Order Fillers 1,490 0.0% $35,880
First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers 1,430 0.0% $67,810

Showing the top 40 of 109 occupations by employment.

Most distinctive occupations

The occupations most unusually concentrated in this industry compared with the economy as a whole. The location quotient is how many times more common an occupation is here versus its economy-wide share (a value of 5 means five times as concentrated).

Occupation Concentration Workers
Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop 24.04× 357,110
Waiters and Waitresses 21.68× 1,735,540
Cooks, Restaurant 21.36× 1,078,250
Dishwashers 18.17× 297,980
Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers 16.92× 307,080
Food Preparation and Serving Related Workers, All Other 16.22× 50,510
Chefs and Head Cooks 13.73× 87,040
Bartenders 11.9× 308,430
Food Service Managers 10.32× 87,620
First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers 7.05× 291,090
Cooks, Short Order 7.04× 36,820
Food Preparation Workers 6.96× 214,960
Cooks, All Other 3.51× 2,880
Driver/Sales Workers 2.41× 34,960
Bakers 1.64× 13,190
Cooks, Fast Food 1.61× 37,330
Separating, Filtering, Clarifying, Precipitating, and Still Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 1.33× 2,510
Fast Food and Counter Workers 0.92× 120,730
Cashiers 0.88× 96,550
Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners 0.73× 3,410
Write a report on thisheadline · factoids · citation

The Full-Service Restaurants workforce sits at the 26th percentile of AI task overlap — 5,361,080 U.S. workers

  • Weighting every occupation by its real share of Full-Service Restaurants employment, the industry's workforce ranks in the 26th percentile (Low band) for AI task overlap — overlap with what AI can attempt, not a measure of jobs at risk.Eloundou et al. + Felten AIOE, weighted by BLS OEWS
  • The industry employs about 5,361,080 U.S. workers across 109 occupations.BLS OEWS (May 2024)
  • Employment-weighted typical annual pay is about $36,435.BLS OEWS (May 2024)
  • Of AI use observed across this industry's occupations, 41% looks like augmentation rather than automation — from a Claude.ai sample, not a census.Anthropic Economic Index
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The Full-Service Restaurants workforce sits at the 26th percentile of AI task overlap — 5,361,080 U.S. workers

• Weighting every occupation by its real share of Full-Service Restaurants employment, the industry's workforce ranks in the 26th percentile (Low band) for AI task overlap — overlap with what AI can attempt, not a measure of jobs at risk. (Eloundou et al. + Felten AIOE, weighted by BLS OEWS)
• The industry employs about 5,361,080 U.S. workers across 109 occupations. (BLS OEWS (May 2024))
• Employment-weighted typical annual pay is about $36,435. (BLS OEWS (May 2024))
• Of AI use observed across this industry's occupations, 41% looks like augmentation rather than automation — from a Claude.ai sample, not a census. (Anthropic Economic Index)

Source: Singulariki — "Full-Service Restaurants". https://singulariki.com/industries/722511
Note: AI task overlap measures what today's AI can attempt, not automation, job loss, or a forecast.

AssetsShare imageMethodology & sourcesPress & newsroomThe newsroom

Every line is built only from figures this page already shows and cites. AI task overlap means what today's AI can attempt — not automation, job loss, or a forecast.

Sources for this page

Every figure above traces to a named public dataset and the exact release below — not hand-written opinion. See the full methodology for what each measure does and does not mean.

Data compiled June 3, 2026. Figures are estimates, not advice.

Cite this page
Plain

Singulariki. "Full-Service Restaurants." Singulariki: a source-backed encyclopedia of work. Built from O*NET 30.3; BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) May 2024; Census NAICS 2022; Anthropic Economic Index v4 (2026-01-15) + v2 (2025-03-27); “GPTs are GPTs” (Eloundou et al.) arXiv 2303.10130; AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) Felten, Raj & Seamans. Accessed June 7, 2026. https://singulariki.com/industries/722511

APA

Singulariki. (2026). Full-Service Restaurants. Singulariki: a source-backed encyclopedia of work. Retrieved June 7, 2026, from https://singulariki.com/industries/722511

BibTeX 
@misc{singulariki-722511,
  title  = {Full-Service Restaurants},
  author = {{Singulariki}},
  year   = {2026},
  note   = {O*NET 30.3; BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) May 2024; Census NAICS 2022; Anthropic Economic Index v4 (2026-01-15) + v2 (2025-03-27); “GPTs are GPTs” (Eloundou et al.) arXiv 2303.10130; AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) Felten, Raj & Seamans. Accessed June 7, 2026},
  url    = {https://singulariki.com/industries/722511}
}

Citations name the underlying public dataset releases — they reflect what this page is built from, not just the URL.