Often handed to AI
Task areas most often handled directively in observed AI conversations — candidates to delegate with light review.
- Shop for or order food and kitchen supplies and equipment. · 0.4%
Cooks, Private Household
Occupation · SOC 35-2013.00
Prepare meals in private homes. Includes personal chefs.
Also called: Certified Personal Chef (CPC) · Personal Chef · Personal Private Chef · Private Chef · Cook · Cooking Chef · Culinary Artist · Culinary Chef · Culinary Specialist · Culinary Worker · Dinner Cook · Holiday Food Prepper
Job family: Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations
Take this to your AI
A source-stamped Markdown brief of this occupation — paste it into an agent, or fetch
/roles/role-35-2013-00/context.md directly.
AI work map
A fast read on where AI already shows up in this occupation, where it stays a copilot, where humans remain in the loop, and what the labor market is doing. Built from observed Claude.ai conversations mapped to O*NET tasks and from published research — measures of usage and exposure, not advice or predictions that the job is going away.
Keep a human in the loop
Task areas where a human was still judged necessary in a large share of observed conversations — not a safety ruling, an observed-need signal.
- Shop for or order food and kitchen supplies and equipment. · 100.0% need a human
Skills it runs on
The capabilities O*NET rates most important for this occupation — the human ground the work is built on.
See all skills →Market signal
Independent published positions, read together — not a forecast.
- About average employment outlook (+5.1% by 2034)
- 5,300 openings/yr
- High AI exposure
- Median pay $44,530/yr
- Can largely be done remotely (teleworkable)
46th-percentile task overlap — yet about 5,300 openings a year (+5.1% projected, BLS) . What exposure means →
AI & job outlook
What today's research says about this occupation's exposure to AI, how AI is actually being used in it, and where employment is headed. These are positions within published studies — measures of exposure and usage, not predictions that this job will disappear.
Exposure to current AI
Each study uses its own scale, so the raw scores are not comparable across rows — the percentile (this job's rank among all U.S. occupations with data) is the comparable figure, and sizes the bars.
| Measure | Rank vs all occupations | Percentile | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.) Low | 26th | -0.8 | |
| LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou) Low | 33rd | 0.3 | |
| AI assistant applicability (Microsoft) High | 83rd | 0.3 |
OpenAI's exposure study scores tasks three ways: with a language model alone (α 0.2), with simple added tooling (β 0.2), and including AI-powered software (γ 0.3). Higher means more of the job's tasks could be done at least twice as fast — not that they will be automated away.
Most of this job's tasks can be done remotely (Dingel–Neiman), which tends to track with higher digital and AI exposure.
Historical automation estimate (2013)
A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking.
Frey–Osborne probability 0.3 · 39th percentile among occupations · Moderate
How AI is actually used in this job
Among measured AI assistant conversations mapped to this occupation (Anthropic Economic Index, 2026-01-15), these task types came up most. These are shares of observed AI conversations — not shares of the job, of worker time, or of what could be automated.
| Shop for or order food and kitchen supplies and equipment. | 0.3% | |
| Create and explore new cuisines. | 0.3% |
Job outlook
Independent U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics employment projection for 2024–2034 — a labor-market forecast, not an AI-impact forecast.
| Outlook | About average · +5.1% by 2034 |
| Projected annual openings | 5,300 |
| Employment 2024 → 2034 | 34,200 → 36,000 |
“Annual openings” counts new jobs plus replacements for workers who leave the occupation, so it can be large even when growth is modest.
Where this work sits on the global GenAI gradient
The ILO's 2025 global study scores generative-AI exposure on the international ISCO-08 occupation system, not US SOC. Bridged through the published (and approximate, many-to-many) IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 crosswalk, this US occupation corresponds to the international occupation below. Exposure here means how much of the work's tasks today's AI can attempt — task overlap, not automation, adoption, or jobs lost.
Cooks, Private Household sits at the 29th percentile of 427
occupations on the global GenAI task-exposure gradient
— exposure eased from 2023 to 2025. Each dot is one occupation; the
ringed one is this work. Exposure is task overlap, not automation or jobs lost.
18% mean task exposure (2025)
29th percentile of 427 placed occupations
−1 pts shift 2023 → 2025
| International occupation (ISCO-08) | Task exposure (2025) | Most tasks fall in |
|---|---|---|
| Cooks · 5120 | 18% | Not exposed |
Read the whole six-band gradient on the GenAI exposure gradient page. The crosswalk is approximate: a US occupation can map to several international ones, and the ILO scores describe the international occupation, not this exact US role.
Working with AI in this job
How people actually apply AI to this occupation's tasks, from Claude.ai (Free and Pro) conversations in the Anthropic Economic Index, 2026-01-15. This is one AI assistant's consumer sample — not all AI, not the whole workforce. Autonomy and the collaboration mix are model-rated estimates; figures below the sample floor are hidden.
| Most common way people use AI here | Directive · AI does it; you give the instruction |
| Typical AI autonomy | 4.0 / 5 · higher = AI acts more independently |
What people delegate to AI
The role's most common tasks in AI conversations, each tagged with how people work with the AI on it. “Usage” is the share of observed conversations, not of the job.
| Task | How | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| Shop for or order food and kitchen supplies and equipment. | Directive | 0.4% |
Where a human is still needed
Tasks where the model most often judged that a person remained necessary — a useful read on the current boundary, not a guarantee.
| Shop for or order food and kitchen supplies and equipment. | 100.0% |
What people most often hand AI here
Example prompts phrased from the tasks people most often delegate to AI in this occupation (Anthropic Economic Index). Each shows the underlying measured task and its share of observed AI use. They are suggested phrasings of real tasks — starting points, not endorsed instructions.
-
Help me shop for or order food and kitchen supplies and equipment.From: Shop for or order food and kitchen supplies and equipment. · 0.4% of measured AI use · directive
Tasks
All 13 tasks O*NET lists for this occupation, ordered by importance. Each links to its own page with AI-exposure and observed-use detail.
- Peel, wash, trim, and cook vegetables and meats, and bake breads and pastries. Core · importance 4.8
- Cool, package, label, and freeze foods for later consumption and provide instructions for reheating. Core · importance 4.8
- Plan menus according to employers' needs and diet restrictions. Core · importance 4.7
- Shop for or order food and kitchen supplies and equipment. Core · importance 4.7
- Prepare meals in private homes according to employers' recipes or tastes, handling all meals for the family and possibly for other household staff. Core · importance 4.5
- Keep records pertaining to menus, finances, and other business-related issues. Core · importance 4.5
- Stock, organize, and clean kitchens and cooking utensils. Core · importance 4.4
- Direct the operation and organization of kitchens and all food-related activities, including the presentation and serving of food. Core · importance 4.1
- Specialize in preparing fancy dishes or food for special diets. Core · importance 4.1
- Plan and prepare food for parties, holiday meals, luncheons, special functions, and other social events. Core · importance 3.6
- Create and explore new cuisines. Core · importance 3.6
- Serve meals and snacks to employing families and their guests. Core · importance 3.2
- Travel with employers to vacation homes to provide meal preparation at those locations. Supplemental · importance 2.2
Work activities
- Prepare foods for cooking or serving.
- Compile data or documentation.
- Plan menu options.
- Order materials, supplies, or equipment.
- Prepare breads or doughs.
- Cook foods.
- Store supplies or goods in kitchens or storage areas.
- Create new recipes or food presentations.
- Coordinate activities of food service staff.
- Plan special events.
- Serve food or beverages.
- Prepare foods or meals.
Knowledge, skills & abilities
O*NET importance rating, from 1 (not important) to 5 (extremely important).
Knowledge
| Customer and Personal Service | 4.6 | |
| Food Production | 4.1 | |
| Sales and Marketing | 3.7 | |
| Administration and Management | 3.1 | |
| Production and Processing | 3.0 | |
| Mathematics | 3.0 | |
| English Language | 2.9 |
Abilities
| Near Vision | 3.4 | |
| Fluency of Ideas | 3.3 | |
| Problem Sensitivity | 3.3 | |
| Oral Expression | 3.1 | |
| Deductive Reasoning | 3.1 | |
| Information Ordering | 3.1 | |
| Manual Dexterity | 3.1 | |
| Finger Dexterity | 3.1 | |
| Oral Comprehension | 3.0 | |
| Written Comprehension | 3.0 | |
| Originality | 3.0 | |
| Inductive Reasoning | 3.0 | |
| Category Flexibility | 3.0 | |
| Selective Attention | 3.0 | |
| Arm-Hand Steadiness | 3.0 | |
| Trunk Strength | 3.0 | |
| Speech Recognition | 3.0 | |
| Written Expression | 2.9 | |
| Multilimb Coordination | 2.9 |
Essential skills
| Critical Thinking | 3.3 | |
| Reading Comprehension | 3.0 | |
| Active Listening | 3.0 | |
| Speaking | 3.0 | |
| Monitoring | 3.0 | |
| Writing | 2.9 | |
| Active Learning | 2.9 |
Transferable skills
| Service Orientation | 3.1 | |
| Social Perceptiveness | 3.0 | |
| Complex Problem Solving | 3.0 | |
| Judgment and Decision Making | 3.0 | |
| Time Management | 3.0 | |
| Coordination | 2.9 | |
| Management of Material Resources | 2.9 |
Skills in demand
Skills employers ask for in job postings for this occupation (Lightcast), with whether each is a common or specialized skill.
Tools & technology
| Example | Category | |
|---|---|---|
| Intuit QuickBooks | Accounting software | Hot technology |
| WordPress | Web page creation and editing software | Hot technology |
| APPCA Personal Chef Office | Data base user interface and query software | |
| Cooking e-books | Data base user interface and query software | |
| Cost tracking software | Accounting software | |
| Email software | Electronic mail software | |
| Food inventory software | Inventory management software | |
| Web browser software | Internet browser software | |
| Work scheduling software | Calendar and scheduling software | |
| YouTube | Video creation and editing software |
Work context
How characteristic each condition is of the job, on O*NET's 1–5 context scale (higher = more present in day-to-day work). Each condition links to how it varies across all occupations.
How to get in
- Job zone
- Zone 3 — Job Zone Three: Medium Preparation Needed
- Education
- Most occupations in this zone require training in vocational schools, related on-the-job experience, or an associate's degree.
- Typical entry-level education
- Postsecondary nondegree award · BLS, the typical path — not a requirement
- Related experience
- Previous work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is required for these occupations. For example, an electrician must have completed three or four years of apprenticeship or several years of vocational training, and often must have passed a licensing exam, in order to perform the job.
- Preparation level
- SVP (6.0 to < 7.0) — total schooling plus on-the-job experience.
What to study: Culinary, Entertainment, and Personal Services . Fields of study crosswalked to this occupation (NCES CIP–SOC), not a requirement.
Education of current workers
Share of people in this occupation at each level of education.
| Post-Secondary Certificate | 38.5% | |
| High School Diploma | 30.8% | |
| Less than a High School Diploma | 15.4% | |
| Associate's Degree (or other 2-year degree) | 11.5% | |
| Some College Courses | 3.9% |
Interests & work styles
The interests and personal qualities O*NET associates with people who do this work.
Interest areas
| Culinary Art | 6.6 | |
| Personal Service | 4.3 | |
| Physical/Manual Labor | 2.9 | |
| Management/Administration | 2.4 | |
| Applied Arts and Design | 2.4 | |
| Accounting | 1.9 | |
| Visual Arts | 1.8 |
Career interests (Holland / RIASEC)
| Realistic | 5.0 | |
| Social | 3.8 | |
| Artistic | 3.8 | |
| Conventional | 3.7 | |
| Enterprising | 3.5 |
Work styles
| Dependability | 2.6 | |
| Attention to Detail | 2.1 | |
| Innovation | 1.9 | |
| Integrity | 1.8 |
Wages & employment
U.S. · annual wages (BLS OEWS)
| 10th percentile | $38,240 |
| 25th percentile | $42,800 |
| Median (50th) | $44,530 |
| 75th percentile | $47,150 |
| 90th percentile | $92,480 |
| People employed | 900 |
Industries that employ this occupation
Where these workers are employed, by number of jobs (national, BLS OEWS). Pay shown is the occupation's national median, not industry-specific.
| Industry | Workers | National median pay |
|---|---|---|
| Other Services (except Public Administration) · Sector | — | $44,520 |
Related occupations
Part of the Hospitality, Events, & Tourism and Management & Entrepreneurship career clusters.
- Cooks, Restaurant · 35-2014.00 Compare →
- Chefs and Head Cooks · 35-1011.00 Compare →
- Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria · 35-2012.00 Compare →
- Food Preparation Workers · 35-2021.00 Compare →
- Cooks, Short Order · 35-2015.00 Compare →
- Cooks, Fast Food · 35-2011.00 Compare →
- Bakers · 51-3011.00 Compare →
- Food Service Managers · 11-9051.00 Compare →
- Fast Food and Counter Workers · 35-3023.00 Compare →
- Baristas · 35-3023.01 Compare →
- Butchers and Meat Cutters · 51-3021.00 Compare →
- Food Servers, Nonrestaurant · 35-3041.00 Compare →
Side-by-side comparisons place two occupations’ pay, preparation, skills, and AI exposure on the same page — same data, same scale, no forecast.
What you can do with this
Options the data surfaces for Cooks, Private Household — not advice or a forecast. Each is a real cross-link you can follow into the evidence.
Skills that travel
Capabilities this work builds that are used across many other occupations.
Adjacent roles
Occupations O*NET rates as related — the nearby moves on the map.
Paths in
How people typically prepare for this work.
- Postsecondary nondegree award · typical entry level
- Job zone 3 — Job Zone Three: Medium Preparation Needed · preparation tier
- Culinary, Entertainment, and Personal Services · field of study
Zoom out
On the global GenAI exposure gradient this work sits around the 29th percentile of 427 international occupations.
Write a report on thisheadline · factoids · citation
Cooks, Private Household show 46th-percentile AI task overlap — and about 5,300 annual U.S. openings
- Cooks, Private Household rank in the 46th percentile (Moderate band) for AI task overlap across U.S. occupations — a measure of how much of the work today's AI can attempt, not how much is automated.Eloundou et al. (GPTs are GPTs) + Felten AIOE
- The occupation is projected to see about 5,300 U.S. job openings per year (2024–34), counting growth and replacement — a labor-demand projection made independently of AI.BLS Employment Projections 2024–34
- BLS projects employment to be about average (+5.1%) from 2024 to 2034.BLS Employment Projections 2024–34
- Median annual pay is $44,530, across about 900 U.S. workers.BLS OEWS (May 2024)
Copy the whole kit
Cooks, Private Household show 46th-percentile AI task overlap — and about 5,300 annual U.S. openings • Cooks, Private Household rank in the 46th percentile (Moderate band) for AI task overlap across U.S. occupations — a measure of how much of the work today's AI can attempt, not how much is automated. (Eloundou et al. (GPTs are GPTs) + Felten AIOE) • The occupation is projected to see about 5,300 U.S. job openings per year (2024–34), counting growth and replacement — a labor-demand projection made independently of AI. (BLS Employment Projections 2024–34) • BLS projects employment to be about average (+5.1%) from 2024 to 2034. (BLS Employment Projections 2024–34) • Median annual pay is $44,530, across about 900 U.S. workers. (BLS OEWS (May 2024)) Source: Singulariki — "Cooks, Private Household". https://singulariki.com/roles/role-35-2013-00 Note: AI task overlap measures what today's AI can attempt, not automation, job loss, or a forecast.
AssetsShare imageMethodology & sourcesPress & newsroomThe newsroom
Every line is built only from figures this page already shows and cites. AI task overlap means what today's AI can attempt — not automation, job loss, or a forecast.
Sources for this page
Every figure above traces to a named public dataset and the exact release below — not hand-written opinion. See the full methodology for what each measure does and does not mean.
- O*NET 30.3 U.S. Department of Labor / National Center for O*NET Development
- BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) May 2024 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
- BLS Employment Projections 2024–2034 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Anthropic Economic Index v4 (2026-01-15) + v2 (2025-03-27) Anthropic
- Microsoft “Working with AI” working-with-ai Microsoft Research
- “GPTs are GPTs” (Eloundou et al.) arXiv 2303.10130 OpenAI / academic
- AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) Felten, Raj & Seamans academic
- ILO / Gmyrek et al. GenAI exposure gradient 2025 International Labour Organization
- IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 occupation crosswalk 2022 Institute for Structural Research (IBS)
- Frey & Osborne (2013) frey-osborne-automation academic
- Dingel & Neiman (2020) dingel-neiman-workathome academic
Data compiled June 2, 2026. Figures are estimates, not advice.
Cite this page
Plain
Singulariki. "Cooks, Private Household." Singulariki: a source-backed encyclopedia of work. Built from O*NET 30.3; BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) May 2024; BLS Employment Projections 2024–2034; Anthropic Economic Index v4 (2026-01-15) + v2 (2025-03-27); Microsoft “Working with AI” working-with-ai; “GPTs are GPTs” (Eloundou et al.) arXiv 2303.10130; AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) Felten, Raj & Seamans; ILO / Gmyrek et al. GenAI exposure gradient 2025; IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 occupation crosswalk 2022; Frey & Osborne (2013) frey-osborne-automation; Dingel & Neiman (2020) dingel-neiman-workathome. Accessed June 7, 2026. https://singulariki.com/roles/role-35-2013-00
APA
Singulariki. (2026). Cooks, Private Household. Singulariki: a source-backed encyclopedia of work. Retrieved June 7, 2026, from https://singulariki.com/roles/role-35-2013-00
BibTeX
@misc{singulariki-role-35-2013-00,
title = {Cooks, Private Household},
author = {{Singulariki}},
year = {2026},
note = {O*NET 30.3; BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) May 2024; BLS Employment Projections 2024–2034; Anthropic Economic Index v4 (2026-01-15) + v2 (2025-03-27); Microsoft “Working with AI” working-with-ai; “GPTs are GPTs” (Eloundou et al.) arXiv 2303.10130; AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) Felten, Raj & Seamans; ILO / Gmyrek et al. GenAI exposure gradient 2025; IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 occupation crosswalk 2022; Frey & Osborne (2013) frey-osborne-automation; Dingel & Neiman (2020) dingel-neiman-workathome. Accessed June 7, 2026},
url = {https://singulariki.com/roles/role-35-2013-00}
} Citations name the underlying public dataset releases — they reflect what this page is built from, not just the URL.