Often handed to AI
Task areas most often handled directively in observed AI conversations — candidates to delegate with light review.
- Investigate and resolve complaints regarding food quality, service, or accommodations. · 0.4%
Food Service Managers
Occupation · SOC 11-9051.00
Plan, direct, or coordinate activities of an organization or department that serves food and beverages.
Also called: F and B Manager (Food and Beverage Manager) · Food Service Director · Food Service Manager · Restaurant Manager · Banquet Manager · CDM (Certified Dietary Manager) · Catering Manager · Dining Service Director · Food Service Supervisor · Kitchen Manager · Banquet Director · CFPP (Certified Food Protection Professional)
Job family: Management Occupations
Take this to your AI
A source-stamped Markdown brief of this occupation — paste it into an agent, or fetch
/roles/role-11-9051-00/context.md directly.
AI work map
A fast read on where AI already shows up in this occupation, where it stays a copilot, where humans remain in the loop, and what the labor market is doing. Built from observed Claude.ai conversations mapped to O*NET tasks and from published research — measures of usage and exposure, not advice or predictions that the job is going away.
Keep a human in the loop
Task areas where a human was still judged necessary in a large share of observed conversations — not a safety ruling, an observed-need signal.
- Investigate and resolve complaints regarding food quality, service, or accommodations. · 94.3% need a human
Skills it runs on
The capabilities O*NET rates most important for this occupation — the human ground the work is built on.
See all skills →Market signal
Independent published positions, read together — not a forecast.
- About average employment outlook (+6.4% by 2034)
- 42,000 openings/yr
- Low AI exposure
- Median pay $65,310/yr
- Work is mostly on-site (not teleworkable)
42nd-percentile task overlap — yet about 42,000 openings a year (+6.4% projected, BLS) . What exposure means →
AI & job outlook
What today's research says about this occupation's exposure to AI, how AI is actually being used in it, and where employment is headed. These are positions within published studies — measures of exposure and usage, not predictions that this job will disappear.
Exposure to current AI
Each study uses its own scale, so the raw scores are not comparable across rows — the percentile (this job's rank among all U.S. occupations with data) is the comparable figure, and sizes the bars.
| Measure | Rank vs all occupations | Percentile | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.) Moderate | 45th | -0.1 | |
| LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou) Moderate | 61st | 0.8 | |
| AI assistant applicability (Microsoft) Low | 27th | 0.1 |
OpenAI's exposure study scores tasks three ways: with a language model alone (α 0.1), with simple added tooling (β 0.4), and including AI-powered software (γ 0.8). Higher means more of the job's tasks could be done at least twice as fast — not that they will be automated away.
This job mostly cannot be done remotely (Dingel–Neiman) — its hands-on tasks sit outside what software-based AI reaches.
Historical automation estimate (2013)
A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking.
Frey–Osborne probability 0.1 · 27th percentile among occupations · Low
How AI is actually used in this job
Among measured AI assistant conversations mapped to this occupation (Anthropic Economic Index, 2026-01-15), these task types came up most. These are shares of observed AI conversations — not shares of the job, of worker time, or of what could be automated.
| Estimate food, liquor, wine, and other beverage consumption to anticipate amounts to be purchased or requisitioned. | 0.7% | |
| Create specialty dishes and develop recipes to be used in dining facilities. | 0.3% |
Job outlook
Independent U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics employment projection for 2024–2034 — a labor-market forecast, not an AI-impact forecast.
| Outlook | About average · +6.4% by 2034 |
| Projected annual openings | 42,000 |
| Employment 2024 → 2034 | 352,800 → 375,300 |
“Annual openings” counts new jobs plus replacements for workers who leave the occupation, so it can be large even when growth is modest.
Where this work sits on the global GenAI gradient
The ILO's 2025 global study scores generative-AI exposure on the international ISCO-08 occupation system, not US SOC. Bridged through the published (and approximate, many-to-many) IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 crosswalk, this US occupation corresponds to the international occupation below. Exposure here means how much of the work's tasks today's AI can attempt — task overlap, not automation, adoption, or jobs lost.
Food Service Managers sits at the 67th percentile of 427
occupations on the global GenAI task-exposure gradient
— exposure eased from 2023 to 2025. Each dot is one occupation; the
ringed one is this work. Exposure is task overlap, not automation or jobs lost.
36% mean task exposure (2025)
67th percentile of 427 placed occupations
−6 pts shift 2023 → 2025
| International occupation (ISCO-08) | Task exposure (2025) | Most tasks fall in |
|---|---|---|
| Restaurant Managers · 1412 | 36% | Minimal |
Read the whole six-band gradient on the GenAI exposure gradient page. The crosswalk is approximate: a US occupation can map to several international ones, and the ILO scores describe the international occupation, not this exact US role.
Working with AI in this job
How people actually apply AI to this occupation's tasks, from Claude.ai (Free and Pro) conversations in the Anthropic Economic Index, 2026-01-15. This is one AI assistant's consumer sample — not all AI, not the whole workforce. Autonomy and the collaboration mix are model-rated estimates; figures below the sample floor are hidden.
| Most common way people use AI here | Directive · AI does it; you give the instruction |
| Typical AI autonomy | 3.0 / 5 · higher = AI acts more independently |
| Used for work (vs. personal / coursework) | 71.4% |
What people delegate to AI
The role's most common tasks in AI conversations, each tagged with how people work with the AI on it. “Usage” is the share of observed conversations, not of the job.
| Task | How | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| Investigate and resolve complaints regarding food quality, service, or accommodations. | Directive | 0.4% |
Where a human is still needed
Tasks where the model most often judged that a person remained necessary — a useful read on the current boundary, not a guarantee.
| Investigate and resolve complaints regarding food quality, service, or accommodations. | 94.3% |
What people most often hand AI here
Example prompts phrased from the tasks people most often delegate to AI in this occupation (Anthropic Economic Index). Each shows the underlying measured task and its share of observed AI use. They are suggested phrasings of real tasks — starting points, not endorsed instructions.
-
Help me investigate and resolve complaints regarding food quality, service, or accommodations.From: Investigate and resolve complaints regarding food quality, service, or accommodations. · 0.4% of measured AI use · directive
Tasks
All 28 tasks O*NET lists for this occupation, ordered by importance. Each links to its own page with AI-exposure and observed-use detail.
- Monitor employee and patron activities to ensure liquor regulations are obeyed. Supplemental · importance 4.8
- Greet guests, escort them to their seats, and present them with menus and wine lists. Core · importance 4.6
- Count money and make bank deposits. Core · importance 4.6
- Establish standards for personnel performance and customer service. Core · importance 4.5
- Keep records required by government agencies regarding sanitation or food subsidies. Core · importance 4.5
- Schedule staff hours and assign duties. Core · importance 4.4
- Investigate and resolve complaints regarding food quality, service, or accommodations. Core · importance 4.4
- Maintain food and equipment inventories, and keep inventory records. Core · importance 4.4
- Perform some food preparation or service tasks, such as cooking, clearing tables, and serving food and drinks when necessary. Core · importance 4.3
- Monitor budgets and payroll records, and review financial transactions to ensure that expenditures are authorized and budgeted. Supplemental · importance 4.3
- Schedule and receive food and beverage deliveries, checking delivery contents to verify product quality and quantity. Core · importance 4.3
- Coordinate assignments of cooking personnel to ensure economical use of food and timely preparation. Core · importance 4.3
- Organize and direct worker training programs, resolve personnel problems, hire new staff, and evaluate employee performance in dining and lodging facilities. Core · importance 4.3
- Assess staffing needs and recruit staff, using methods such as newspaper advertisements or attendance at job fairs. Core · importance 4.2
- Estimate food, liquor, wine, and other beverage consumption to anticipate amounts to be purchased or requisitioned. Supplemental · importance 4.2
- Monitor food preparation methods, portion sizes, and garnishing and presentation of food to ensure that food is prepared and presented in an acceptable manner. Core · importance 4.2
- Monitor compliance with health and fire regulations regarding food preparation and serving, and building maintenance in lodging and dining facilities. Core · importance 4.1
- Order and purchase equipment and supplies. Core · importance 4.1
- Test cooked food by tasting and smelling it to ensure palatability and flavor conformity. Core · importance 4.1
- Review work procedures and operational problems to determine ways to improve service, performance, or safety. Core · importance 4.0
- Arrange for equipment maintenance and repairs, and coordinate a variety of services, such as waste removal and pest control. Core · importance 4.0
- Record the number, type, and cost of items sold to determine which items may be unpopular or less profitable. Core · importance 4.0
- Plan menus and food utilization, based on anticipated number of guests, nutritional value, palatability, popularity, and costs. Supplemental · importance 3.9
- Review menus and analyze recipes to determine labor and overhead costs, and assign prices to menu items. Core · importance 3.8
- Take dining reservations. Supplemental · importance 3.8
- Create specialty dishes and develop recipes to be used in dining facilities. Supplemental · importance 3.8
- Schedule use of facilities or catering services for events such as banquets or receptions, and negotiate details of arrangements with clients. Supplemental · importance 3.4
- Establish and enforce nutritional standards for dining establishments, based on accepted industry standards. Supplemental · importance 3.4
Work activities
- Evaluate quality of materials or products.
- Resolve customer complaints or problems.
- Schedule product or material transportation.
- Monitor organizational procedures to ensure proper functioning.
- Manage organizational or project budgets.
- Prepare staff schedules or work assignments.
- Monitor organizational compliance with regulations.
- Manage guest services.
- Maintain regulatory or compliance documentation.
- Develop organizational policies or programs.
- Estimate cost or material requirements.
- Analyze data to inform operational decisions or activities.
- Recommend organizational process or policy changes.
- Perform manual service or maintenance tasks.
- Maintain operational records.
- Manage inventories of products or organizational resources.
- Evaluate employee performance.
- Manage human resources activities.
- Purchase materials, equipment, or other resources.
- Determine resource needs.
- Recruit personnel.
- Direct facility maintenance or repair activities.
- Monitor activities of individuals to ensure safety or compliance with rules.
- Provide basic information to guests, visitors, or clients.
- Advise communities or institutions regarding health or safety issues.
- Create new recipes or food presentations.
- Plan menu options.
- Schedule dining reservations.
- Arrange services or reservations for patrons.
- Schedule activities or facility use.
- Negotiate sales or lease agreements for products or services.
- Collect payments for goods or services.
Knowledge, skills & abilities
O*NET importance rating, from 1 (not important) to 5 (extremely important).
Knowledge
Essential skills
| Active Listening | 3.9 | |
| Speaking | 3.9 | |
| Monitoring | 3.9 | |
| Reading Comprehension | 3.8 | |
| Critical Thinking | 3.6 | |
| Active Learning | 3.1 | |
| Learning Strategies | 3.1 | |
| Writing | 3.0 |
Transferable skills
| Coordination | 3.9 | |
| Management of Personnel Resources | 3.9 | |
| Service Orientation | 3.8 | |
| Social Perceptiveness | 3.6 | |
| Time Management | 3.5 | |
| Negotiation | 3.1 | |
| Instructing | 3.1 | |
| Judgment and Decision Making | 3.1 | |
| Persuasion | 3.0 | |
| Complex Problem Solving | 3.0 | |
| Systems Analysis | 3.0 | |
| Systems Evaluation | 3.0 |
Abilities
| Oral Comprehension | 3.9 | |
| Written Comprehension | 3.9 | |
| Oral Expression | 3.9 | |
| Problem Sensitivity | 3.9 | |
| Deductive Reasoning | 3.9 | |
| Speech Clarity | 3.8 | |
| Selective Attention | 3.1 | |
| Near Vision | 3.1 | |
| Speech Recognition | 3.1 |
Skills in demand
Skills employers ask for in job postings for this occupation (Lightcast), with whether each is a common or specialized skill.
Showing the top 40 of 46.
Tools & technology
Work context
How characteristic each condition is of the job, on O*NET's 1–5 context scale (higher = more present in day-to-day work). Each condition links to how it varies across all occupations.
How to get in
- Job zone
- Zone 2 — Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed
- Education
- Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not.
- Typical entry-level education
- High school diploma or equivalent · BLS, the typical path — not a requirement
- Related experience
- Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training.
- Preparation level
- SVP (Below 6.0) — total schooling plus on-the-job experience.
What to study: Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services , Culinary, Entertainment, and Personal Services , Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences . Fields of study crosswalked to this occupation (NCES CIP–SOC), not a requirement.
Education of current workers
Share of people in this occupation at each level of education.
| High School Diploma | 29.7% | |
| Post-Secondary Certificate | 21.3% | |
| Associate's Degree (or other 2-year degree) | 18.6% | |
| Less than a High School Diploma | 16.1% | |
| Bachelor's Degree | 9.7% | |
| Some College Courses | 4.6% |
Interests & work styles
The interests and personal qualities O*NET associates with people who do this work.
Interest areas
| Management/Administration | 6.3 | |
| Culinary Art | 4.0 | |
| Human Resources | 3.9 | |
| Personal Service | 3.9 | |
| Accounting | 3.6 | |
| Business Initiatives | 3.0 | |
| Sales | 2.6 | |
| Finance | 2.6 |
Work styles
| Dependability | 6.0 | |
| Attention to Detail | 5.0 | |
| Cooperation | 4.0 | |
| Social Orientation | 3.0 |
Career interests (Holland / RIASEC)
| Enterprising | 6.0 | |
| Conventional | 5.1 | |
| Realistic | 4.2 | |
| Social | 3.5 |
Wages & employment
U.S. · annual wages (BLS OEWS)
| 10th percentile | $42,380 |
| 25th percentile | $53,090 |
| Median (50th) | $65,310 |
| 75th percentile | $82,300 |
| 90th percentile | $105,420 |
| People employed | 244,230 |
Industries that employ this occupation
Where these workers are employed, by number of jobs (national, BLS OEWS). Pay shown is the occupation's national median, not industry-specific.
| Industry | Workers | National median pay |
|---|---|---|
| Accommodation and Food Services · Sector | 208,270 | $63,800 |
| Full-Service Restaurants · National industry | 87,620 | $71,220 |
| Management of Companies and Enterprises · Sector | 7,510 | $84,990 |
| Educational Services · Sector | 6,730 | $77,240 |
| Health Care and Social Assistance · Sector | 6,560 | $80,200 |
| Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation · Sector | 5,870 | $78,050 |
| Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services · Sector | 2,480 | $72,650 |
| Retail Trade · Sector | 1,790 | $61,340 |
| Casino Hotels · National industry | 1,730 | $79,300 |
| Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services · Sector | 1,030 | $72,330 |
| Manufacturing · Sector | 960 | $68,850 |
| Other Services (except Public Administration) · Sector | 930 | $73,250 |
Where this work is most concentrated
Industries where this occupation is far more common than in the economy as a whole. The location quotient is how many times more concentrated it is here (a value of 5 means five times its economy-wide share).
| Industry | Concentration | Workers |
|---|---|---|
| Full-Service Restaurants · National industry | 10.32× | 87,620 |
| Accommodation and Food Services · Sector | 9.24× | 208,270 |
| Casino Hotels · National industry | 3.24× | 1,730 |
| Management of Companies and Enterprises · Sector | 1.69× | 7,510 |
| Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation · Sector | 1.4× | 5,870 |
| Educational Services · Sector | 0.31× | 6,730 |
| Fitness and Recreational Sports Centers · National industry | 0.21× | 210 |
| Health Care and Social Assistance · Sector | 0.18× | 6,560 |
Related occupations
Part of the Hospitality, Events, & Tourism career cluster.
- Chefs and Head Cooks · 35-1011.00 Compare →
- First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers · 35-1012.00 Compare →
- Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria · 35-2012.00 Compare →
- Cooks, Restaurant · 35-2014.00 Compare →
- Cooks, Private Household · 35-2013.00 Compare →
- Food Servers, Nonrestaurant · 35-3041.00 Compare →
- Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop · 35-9031.00 Compare →
- First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers · 41-1011.00 Compare →
- First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers · 39-1022.00 Compare →
- Cooks, Short Order · 35-2015.00 Compare →
- Food Preparation Workers · 35-2021.00 Compare →
- Fast Food and Counter Workers · 35-3023.00 Compare →
Side-by-side comparisons place two occupations’ pay, preparation, skills, and AI exposure on the same page — same data, same scale, no forecast.
What you can do with this
Options the data surfaces for Food Service Managers — not advice or a forecast. Each is a real cross-link you can follow into the evidence.
Skills that travel
Capabilities this work builds that are used across many other occupations.
Adjacent roles
Occupations O*NET rates as related — the nearby moves on the map.
Paths in
How people typically prepare for this work.
- High school diploma or equivalent · typical entry level
- Job zone 2 — Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed · preparation tier
- Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services · field of study
- Culinary, Entertainment, and Personal Services · field of study
Zoom out
On the global GenAI exposure gradient this work sits around the 67th percentile of 427 international occupations.
Write a report on thisheadline · factoids · citation
Food Service Managers show 42nd-percentile AI task overlap — and about 42,000 annual U.S. openings
- Food Service Managers rank in the 42nd percentile (Moderate band) for AI task overlap across U.S. occupations — a measure of how much of the work today's AI can attempt, not how much is automated.Eloundou et al. (GPTs are GPTs) + Felten AIOE
- The occupation is projected to see about 42,000 U.S. job openings per year (2024–34), counting growth and replacement — a labor-demand projection made independently of AI.BLS Employment Projections 2024–34
- BLS projects employment to be about average (+6.4%) from 2024 to 2034.BLS Employment Projections 2024–34
- Median annual pay is $65,310, across about 244,230 U.S. workers.BLS OEWS (May 2024)
Copy the whole kit
Food Service Managers show 42nd-percentile AI task overlap — and about 42,000 annual U.S. openings • Food Service Managers rank in the 42nd percentile (Moderate band) for AI task overlap across U.S. occupations — a measure of how much of the work today's AI can attempt, not how much is automated. (Eloundou et al. (GPTs are GPTs) + Felten AIOE) • The occupation is projected to see about 42,000 U.S. job openings per year (2024–34), counting growth and replacement — a labor-demand projection made independently of AI. (BLS Employment Projections 2024–34) • BLS projects employment to be about average (+6.4%) from 2024 to 2034. (BLS Employment Projections 2024–34) • Median annual pay is $65,310, across about 244,230 U.S. workers. (BLS OEWS (May 2024)) Source: Singulariki — "Food Service Managers". https://singulariki.com/roles/role-11-9051-00 Note: AI task overlap measures what today's AI can attempt, not automation, job loss, or a forecast.
AssetsShare imageMethodology & sourcesPress & newsroomThe newsroom
Every line is built only from figures this page already shows and cites. AI task overlap means what today's AI can attempt — not automation, job loss, or a forecast.
Sources for this page
Every figure above traces to a named public dataset and the exact release below — not hand-written opinion. See the full methodology for what each measure does and does not mean.
- O*NET 30.3 U.S. Department of Labor / National Center for O*NET Development
- BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) May 2024 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
- BLS Employment Projections 2024–2034 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Anthropic Economic Index v4 (2026-01-15) + v2 (2025-03-27) Anthropic
- Microsoft “Working with AI” working-with-ai Microsoft Research
- “GPTs are GPTs” (Eloundou et al.) arXiv 2303.10130 OpenAI / academic
- AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) Felten, Raj & Seamans academic
- ILO / Gmyrek et al. GenAI exposure gradient 2025 International Labour Organization
- IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 occupation crosswalk 2022 Institute for Structural Research (IBS)
- Frey & Osborne (2013) frey-osborne-automation academic
- Dingel & Neiman (2020) dingel-neiman-workathome academic
Data compiled June 2, 2026. Figures are estimates, not advice.
Cite this page
Plain
Singulariki. "Food Service Managers." Singulariki: a source-backed encyclopedia of work. Built from O*NET 30.3; BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) May 2024; BLS Employment Projections 2024–2034; Anthropic Economic Index v4 (2026-01-15) + v2 (2025-03-27); Microsoft “Working with AI” working-with-ai; “GPTs are GPTs” (Eloundou et al.) arXiv 2303.10130; AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) Felten, Raj & Seamans; ILO / Gmyrek et al. GenAI exposure gradient 2025; IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 occupation crosswalk 2022; Frey & Osborne (2013) frey-osborne-automation; Dingel & Neiman (2020) dingel-neiman-workathome. Accessed June 7, 2026. https://singulariki.com/roles/role-11-9051-00
APA
Singulariki. (2026). Food Service Managers. Singulariki: a source-backed encyclopedia of work. Retrieved June 7, 2026, from https://singulariki.com/roles/role-11-9051-00
BibTeX
@misc{singulariki-role-11-9051-00,
title = {Food Service Managers},
author = {{Singulariki}},
year = {2026},
note = {O*NET 30.3; BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) May 2024; BLS Employment Projections 2024–2034; Anthropic Economic Index v4 (2026-01-15) + v2 (2025-03-27); Microsoft “Working with AI” working-with-ai; “GPTs are GPTs” (Eloundou et al.) arXiv 2303.10130; AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) Felten, Raj & Seamans; ILO / Gmyrek et al. GenAI exposure gradient 2025; IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 occupation crosswalk 2022; Frey & Osborne (2013) frey-osborne-automation; Dingel & Neiman (2020) dingel-neiman-workathome. Accessed June 7, 2026},
url = {https://singulariki.com/roles/role-11-9051-00}
} Citations name the underlying public dataset releases — they reflect what this page is built from, not just the URL.