Skills it runs on
The capabilities O*NET rates most important for this occupation — the human ground the work is built on.
See all skills →Glaziers
Occupation · SOC 47-2121.00
Install glass in windows, skylights, store fronts, and display cases, or on surfaces, such as building fronts, interior walls, ceilings, and tabletops.
Also called: Commercial Glazier · Field Glazier · Glazer · Glazier · Auto Glass Tech (Automobile Glass Technician) · Glass Installer · Glass Technician (Glass Tech) · Glassman · Glazier Worker · Union Glazier · Architectural Glazier · Art Glass Setter
Job family: Construction and Extraction Occupations
Take this to your AI
A source-stamped Markdown brief of this occupation — paste it into an agent, or fetch
/roles/role-47-2121-00/context.md directly.
AI work map
A fast read on where AI already shows up in this occupation, where it stays a copilot, where humans remain in the loop, and what the labor market is doing. Built from observed Claude.ai conversations mapped to O*NET tasks and from published research — measures of usage and exposure, not advice or predictions that the job is going away.
Market signal
Independent published positions, read together — not a forecast.
- About average employment outlook (+3.3% by 2034)
- 5,100 openings/yr
- Low AI exposure
- Median pay $55,440/yr
- Work is mostly on-site (not teleworkable)
- 2013 flagged this for computerization (60th); today's AI task-overlap is comparatively low (9th)
9th-percentile task overlap — yet about 5,100 openings a year (+3.3% projected, BLS) . What exposure means →
AI & job outlook
What today's research says about this occupation's exposure to AI, how AI is actually being used in it, and where employment is headed. These are positions within published studies — measures of exposure and usage, not predictions that this job will disappear.
Exposure to current AI
Each study uses its own scale, so the raw scores are not comparable across rows — the percentile (this job's rank among all U.S. occupations with data) is the comparable figure, and sizes the bars.
| Measure | Rank vs all occupations | Percentile | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.) Low | 7th | -1.4 | |
| LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou) Low | 21st | 0.2 | |
| AI assistant applicability (Microsoft) Low | 11th | 0.1 |
OpenAI's exposure study scores tasks three ways: with a language model alone (α 0.0), with simple added tooling (β 0.1), and including AI-powered software (γ 0.2). Higher means more of the job's tasks could be done at least twice as fast — not that they will be automated away.
This job mostly cannot be done remotely (Dingel–Neiman) — its hands-on tasks sit outside what software-based AI reaches.
Historical automation estimate (2013)
A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking.
Frey–Osborne probability 0.7 · 60th percentile among occupations · Moderate
How AI is actually used in this job
Among measured AI assistant conversations mapped to this occupation (Anthropic Economic Index, 2026-01-15), these task types came up most. These are shares of observed AI conversations — not shares of the job, of worker time, or of what could be automated.
| Read and interpret blueprints or specifications to determine size, shape, color, type, or thickness of glass, location of framing, installation procedures, or staging or scaffolding materials required. | 0.3% | |
| Confer with customers to determine project requirements or to provide cost estimates. | 0.2% |
Job outlook
Independent U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics employment projection for 2024–2034 — a labor-market forecast, not an AI-impact forecast.
| Outlook | About average · +3.3% by 2034 |
| Projected annual openings | 5,100 |
| Employment 2024 → 2034 | 60,500 → 62,500 |
“Annual openings” counts new jobs plus replacements for workers who leave the occupation, so it can be large even when growth is modest.
Where this work sits on the global GenAI gradient
The ILO's 2025 global study scores generative-AI exposure on the international ISCO-08 occupation system, not US SOC. Bridged through the published (and approximate, many-to-many) IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 crosswalk, this US occupation corresponds to the international occupation below. Exposure here means how much of the work's tasks today's AI can attempt — task overlap, not automation, adoption, or jobs lost.
Glaziers sits at the 13th percentile of 427
occupations on the global GenAI task-exposure gradient
— exposure rose from 2023 to 2025. Each dot is one occupation; the
ringed one is this work. Exposure is task overlap, not automation or jobs lost.
14% mean task exposure (2025)
13th percentile of 427 placed occupations
+4 pts shift 2023 → 2025
| International occupation (ISCO-08) | Task exposure (2025) | Most tasks fall in |
|---|---|---|
| Glaziers · 7125 | 14% | Not exposed |
Read the whole six-band gradient on the GenAI exposure gradient page. The crosswalk is approximate: a US occupation can map to several international ones, and the ILO scores describe the international occupation, not this exact US role.
Tasks
All 27 tasks O*NET lists for this occupation, ordered by importance. Each links to its own page with AI-exposure and observed-use detail.
- Read and interpret blueprints or specifications to determine size, shape, color, type, or thickness of glass, location of framing, installation procedures, or staging or scaffolding materials required. Core · importance 4.4
- Determine plumb of walls or ceilings, using plumb lines and levels. Core · importance 4.3
- Install pre-assembled metal or wood frameworks for windows or doors to be fitted with glass panels, using hand tools. Core · importance 4.2
- Fabricate or install metal sashes or moldings for glass installation, using aluminum or steel framing. Core · importance 4.2
- Operate cranes or hoists with suction cups to lift large, heavy pieces of glass. Supplemental · importance 4.2
- Set glass doors into frames and bolt metal hinges, handles, locks, or other hardware to attach doors to frames and walls. Core · importance 4.2
- Cut, fit, install, repair, or replace glass or glass substitutes, such as plastic or aluminum, in building interiors or exteriors or in furniture or other products. Core · importance 4.1
- Drive trucks to installation sites and unload mirrors, glass equipment, or tools. Core · importance 4.1
- Load and arrange glass or mirrors onto delivery trucks, using suction cups or cranes to lift glass. Core · importance 4.1
- Measure mirrors and dimensions of areas to be covered to determine work procedures. Core · importance 4.0
- Cut and attach mounting strips, metal or wood moldings, rubber gaskets, or metal clips to surfaces in preparation for mirror installation. Core · importance 4.0
- Pack spaces between moldings and glass with glazing compounds and trim excess material with glazing knives. Core · importance 4.0
- Assemble, erect, or dismantle scaffolds, rigging, or hoisting equipment. Core · importance 4.0
- Cut and remove broken glass prior to installing replacement glass. Core · importance 3.9
- Secure mirrors in position, using mastic cement, putty, bolts, or screws. Core · importance 3.9
- Confer with customers to determine project requirements or to provide cost estimates. Supplemental · importance 3.9
- Select the type or color of glass or mirror according to specifications. Supplemental · importance 3.8
- Measure and mark outlines or patterns on glass to indicate cutting lines. Core · importance 3.8
- Grind or polish glass, smoothing edges when necessary. Core · importance 3.8
- Fasten glass panes into wood sashes or frames with clips, points, or moldings, adding weather seals or putty around pane edges to seal joints. Core · importance 3.8
- Score glass with cutters' wheels, breaking off excess glass by hand or with notched tools. Core · importance 3.8
- Cut, assemble, fit, or attach metal-framed glass enclosures for showers, bathtubs, display cases, skylights, solariums, or other structures. Core · importance 3.7
- Prepare glass for cutting by resting it on rack edges or against cutting tables and brushing thin layer of oil along cutting lines or dipping cutting tools in oil. Core · importance 3.6
- Measure, cut, fit, and press anti-glare adhesive film to glass or spray glass with tinting solution to prevent light glare. Supplemental · importance 3.3
- Move furniture to clear work sites and cover floors or furnishings with drop cloths. Core · importance 3.2
- Assemble and cement sections of stained glass together. Supplemental · importance 3.2
- Create patterns on glass by etching, sandblasting, or painting designs. Supplemental · importance 3.2
Work activities
- Review blueprints or specifications to determine work requirements.
- Verify alignment of structures or equipment.
- Install metal structural components.
- Fabricate parts or components.
- Measure materials or objects for installation or assembly.
- Install doors or windows.
- Apply material to fill gaps in surfaces.
- Install building fixtures.
- Cut glass.
- Remove worn, damaged or outdated materials from work areas.
- Load or unload materials used in construction or extraction.
- Drive trucks or truck-mounted equipment.
- Install wooden structural components.
- Cut metal components for installation.
- Cut wood components for installation.
- Assemble temporary equipment or structures.
- Dismantle equipment or temporary structures.
- Operate cranes, hoists, or other moving or lifting equipment.
- Mark reference points on construction materials.
- Smooth surfaces with abrasive materials or tools.
- Trim excess material from installations.
- Communicate with clients about products, procedures, and policies.
- Select construction materials.
- Protect structures or surfaces near work areas to avoid damage.
- Apply adhesives to construction materials.
- Cut carpet, vinyl or other flexible materials.
- Apply decorative or textured finishes or coverings.
Knowledge, skills & abilities
O*NET importance rating, from 1 (not important) to 5 (extremely important).
Knowledge
| Building and Construction | 4.3 | |
| Mechanical | 3.5 | |
| Mathematics | 3.5 | |
| Administration and Management | 3.5 | |
| Design | 3.4 | |
| Customer and Personal Service | 3.4 |
Abilities
| Arm-Hand Steadiness | 3.9 | |
| Near Vision | 3.8 | |
| Multilimb Coordination | 3.4 | |
| Trunk Strength | 3.4 | |
| Problem Sensitivity | 3.3 | |
| Manual Dexterity | 3.3 | |
| Information Ordering | 3.1 | |
| Control Precision | 3.1 | |
| Static Strength | 3.1 | |
| Oral Comprehension | 3.0 | |
| Written Comprehension | 3.0 | |
| Deductive Reasoning | 3.0 | |
| Inductive Reasoning | 3.0 | |
| Category Flexibility | 3.0 | |
| Visualization | 3.0 | |
| Selective Attention | 3.0 | |
| Finger Dexterity | 3.0 | |
| Extent Flexibility | 3.0 | |
| Gross Body Equilibrium | 3.0 | |
| Far Vision | 3.0 | |
| Speech Recognition | 3.0 | |
| Speech Clarity | 3.0 | |
| Oral Expression | 2.9 |
Essential skills
| Reading Comprehension | 3.0 | |
| Speaking | 3.0 | |
| Critical Thinking | 3.0 | |
| Active Listening | 2.9 |
Transferable skills
| Coordination | 3.0 | |
| Time Management | 3.0 | |
| Social Perceptiveness | 2.9 | |
| Complex Problem Solving | 2.9 | |
| Operations Monitoring | 2.9 | |
| Operation and Control | 2.9 | |
| Judgment and Decision Making | 2.9 |
Skills in demand
Skills employers ask for in job postings for this occupation (Lightcast), with whether each is a common or specialized skill.
Tools & technology
| Example | Category | |
|---|---|---|
| Microsoft Excel | Spreadsheet software | Hot technology |
| Microsoft Office software | Office suite software | Hot technology |
| Microsoft Windows | Operating system software | Hot technology |
| American Glazing Software AGS WindowPricer | Project management software | |
| BidMaster | Project management software | |
| D-CALC FACADE 4000 | Computer aided design CAD software | |
| Work order software | Data base user interface and query software |
Work context
How characteristic each condition is of the job, on O*NET's 1–5 context scale (higher = more present in day-to-day work). Each condition links to how it varies across all occupations.
How to get in
- Job zone
- Zone 2 — Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed
- Education
- Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not.
- Typical entry-level education
- High school diploma or equivalent · BLS, the typical path — not a requirement
- Related experience
- Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training.
- Preparation level
- SVP (Below 6.0) — total schooling plus on-the-job experience.
What to study: Construction Trades . Fields of study crosswalked to this occupation (NCES CIP–SOC), not a requirement.
Education of current workers
Share of people in this occupation at each level of education.
| High School Diploma | 44.2% | |
| Less than a High School Diploma | 35.8% | |
| Post-Secondary Certificate | 12.0% | |
| Some College Courses | 8.1% |
Interests & work styles
The interests and personal qualities O*NET associates with people who do this work.
Career interests (Holland / RIASEC)
| Realistic | 6.3 | |
| Conventional | 3.6 | |
| Artistic | 2.3 | |
| Investigative | 2.1 | |
| Social | 1.7 | |
| Enterprising | 1.7 |
Interest areas
| Physical/Manual Labor | 6.1 | |
| Transportation/Machine Operation | 3.2 | |
| Construction/Woodwork | 2.9 | |
| Engineering | 2.3 | |
| Mechanics/Electronics | 2.0 | |
| Applied Arts and Design | 1.5 | |
| Mathematics/Statistics | 1.4 |
Work styles
| Dependability | 2.3 | |
| Attention to Detail | 2.1 | |
| Cautiousness | 2.0 |
Wages & employment
U.S. · annual wages (BLS OEWS)
| 10th percentile | $37,710 |
| 25th percentile | $45,530 |
| Median (50th) | $55,440 |
| 75th percentile | $68,300 |
| 90th percentile | $98,780 |
| People employed | 57,000 |
Industries that employ this occupation
Where these workers are employed, by number of jobs (national, BLS OEWS). Pay shown is the occupation's national median, not industry-specific.
| Industry | Workers | National median pay |
|---|---|---|
| Construction · Sector | 44,560 | $57,200 |
| Retail Trade · Sector | 8,000 | $51,040 |
| Manufacturing · Sector | 1,790 | $43,220 |
| Other Services (except Public Administration) · Sector | 1,280 | $46,890 |
| Wholesale Trade · Sector | 830 | $62,590 |
| Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services · Sector | 290 | $44,890 |
| Roofing Contractors · National industry | 230 | $56,650 |
| Temporary Help Services · National industry | 230 | $44,890 |
| Drywall and Insulation Contractors · National industry | 220 | $49,120 |
| Educational Services · Sector | 140 | $66,870 |
| Painting and Wall Covering Contractors · National industry | 40 | $81,400 |
| Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors · National industry | — | $50,430 |
Where this work is most concentrated
Industries where this occupation is far more common than in the economy as a whole. The location quotient is how many times more concentrated it is here (a value of 5 means five times its economy-wide share).
| Industry | Concentration | Workers |
|---|---|---|
| Construction · Sector | 14.84× | 44,560 |
| Roofing Contractors · National industry | 2.5× | 230 |
| Drywall and Insulation Contractors · National industry | 2.42× | 220 |
| Retail Trade · Sector | 1.39× | 8,000 |
| Other Services (except Public Administration) · Sector | 0.78× | 1,280 |
| Manufacturing · Sector | 0.38× | 1,790 |
| Wholesale Trade · Sector | 0.37× | 830 |
| Temporary Help Services · National industry | 0.23× | 230 |
Related occupations
Part of the Construction career cluster.
- Automotive Glass Installers and Repairers · 49-3022.00 Compare →
- Carpenters · 47-2031.00 Compare →
- Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers · 47-2081.00 Compare →
- Brickmasons and Blockmasons · 47-2021.00 Compare →
- Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles · 47-2042.00 Compare →
- Tile and Stone Setters · 47-2044.00 Compare →
- Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall · 47-2131.00 Compare →
- Sheet Metal Workers · 47-2211.00 Compare →
- Plasterers and Stucco Masons · 47-2161.00 Compare →
- Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters · 51-2041.00 Compare →
- Helpers--Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters · 47-3011.00 Compare →
- Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic · 51-9195.00 Compare →
Side-by-side comparisons place two occupations’ pay, preparation, skills, and AI exposure on the same page — same data, same scale, no forecast.
What you can do with this
Options the data surfaces for Glaziers — not advice or a forecast. Each is a real cross-link you can follow into the evidence.
Skills that travel
Capabilities this work builds that are used across many other occupations.
Adjacent roles
Occupations O*NET rates as related — the nearby moves on the map.
Paths in
How people typically prepare for this work.
- High school diploma or equivalent · typical entry level
- Job zone 2 — Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed · preparation tier
- Construction Trades · field of study
Zoom out
On the global GenAI exposure gradient this work sits around the 13th percentile of 427 international occupations.
Write a report on thisheadline · factoids · citation
Glaziers show 9th-percentile AI task overlap — and about 5,100 annual U.S. openings
- Glaziers rank in the 9th percentile (Low band) for AI task overlap across U.S. occupations — a measure of how much of the work today's AI can attempt, not how much is automated.Eloundou et al. (GPTs are GPTs) + Felten AIOE
- The occupation is projected to see about 5,100 U.S. job openings per year (2024–34), counting growth and replacement — a labor-demand projection made independently of AI.BLS Employment Projections 2024–34
- BLS projects employment to be about average (+3.3%) from 2024 to 2034.BLS Employment Projections 2024–34
- Median annual pay is $55,440, across about 57,000 U.S. workers.BLS OEWS (May 2024)
Copy the whole kit
Glaziers show 9th-percentile AI task overlap — and about 5,100 annual U.S. openings • Glaziers rank in the 9th percentile (Low band) for AI task overlap across U.S. occupations — a measure of how much of the work today's AI can attempt, not how much is automated. (Eloundou et al. (GPTs are GPTs) + Felten AIOE) • The occupation is projected to see about 5,100 U.S. job openings per year (2024–34), counting growth and replacement — a labor-demand projection made independently of AI. (BLS Employment Projections 2024–34) • BLS projects employment to be about average (+3.3%) from 2024 to 2034. (BLS Employment Projections 2024–34) • Median annual pay is $55,440, across about 57,000 U.S. workers. (BLS OEWS (May 2024)) Source: Singulariki — "Glaziers". https://singulariki.com/roles/role-47-2121-00 Note: AI task overlap measures what today's AI can attempt, not automation, job loss, or a forecast.
AssetsShare imageMethodology & sourcesPress & newsroomThe newsroom
Every line is built only from figures this page already shows and cites. AI task overlap means what today's AI can attempt — not automation, job loss, or a forecast.
Sources for this page
Every figure above traces to a named public dataset and the exact release below — not hand-written opinion. See the full methodology for what each measure does and does not mean.
- O*NET 30.3 U.S. Department of Labor / National Center for O*NET Development
- BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) May 2024 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
- BLS Employment Projections 2024–2034 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Anthropic Economic Index v4 (2026-01-15) + v2 (2025-03-27) Anthropic
- Microsoft “Working with AI” working-with-ai Microsoft Research
- “GPTs are GPTs” (Eloundou et al.) arXiv 2303.10130 OpenAI / academic
- AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) Felten, Raj & Seamans academic
- ILO / Gmyrek et al. GenAI exposure gradient 2025 International Labour Organization
- IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 occupation crosswalk 2022 Institute for Structural Research (IBS)
- Frey & Osborne (2013) frey-osborne-automation academic
- Dingel & Neiman (2020) dingel-neiman-workathome academic
Data compiled June 2, 2026. Figures are estimates, not advice.
Cite this page
Plain
Singulariki. "Glaziers." Singulariki: a source-backed encyclopedia of work. Built from O*NET 30.3; BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) May 2024; BLS Employment Projections 2024–2034; Anthropic Economic Index v4 (2026-01-15) + v2 (2025-03-27); Microsoft “Working with AI” working-with-ai; “GPTs are GPTs” (Eloundou et al.) arXiv 2303.10130; AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) Felten, Raj & Seamans; ILO / Gmyrek et al. GenAI exposure gradient 2025; IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 occupation crosswalk 2022; Frey & Osborne (2013) frey-osborne-automation; Dingel & Neiman (2020) dingel-neiman-workathome. Accessed June 7, 2026. https://singulariki.com/roles/role-47-2121-00
APA
Singulariki. (2026). Glaziers. Singulariki: a source-backed encyclopedia of work. Retrieved June 7, 2026, from https://singulariki.com/roles/role-47-2121-00
BibTeX
@misc{singulariki-role-47-2121-00,
title = {Glaziers},
author = {{Singulariki}},
year = {2026},
note = {O*NET 30.3; BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) May 2024; BLS Employment Projections 2024–2034; Anthropic Economic Index v4 (2026-01-15) + v2 (2025-03-27); Microsoft “Working with AI” working-with-ai; “GPTs are GPTs” (Eloundou et al.) arXiv 2303.10130; AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) Felten, Raj & Seamans; ILO / Gmyrek et al. GenAI exposure gradient 2025; IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 occupation crosswalk 2022; Frey & Osborne (2013) frey-osborne-automation; Dingel & Neiman (2020) dingel-neiman-workathome. Accessed June 7, 2026},
url = {https://singulariki.com/roles/role-47-2121-00}
} Citations name the underlying public dataset releases — they reflect what this page is built from, not just the URL.