Skills it runs on
The capabilities O*NET rates most important for this occupation — the human ground the work is built on.
See all skills →Parking Enforcement Workers
Occupation · SOC 33-3041.00
Patrol assigned area, such as public parking lot or city streets to issue tickets to overtime parking violators and illegally parked vehicles.
Also called: Parking Control Officer · Parking Enforcement Officer (PEO) · Parking Enforcer · Ticket Writer · Parking Enforcement Technician · Parking Officer · Parking Regulation Enforcement Officer · Parking Technician · Civilian Pay Technician (Civilian Pay Tech) · Enforcement Officer · Enforcement Safety Officer · Meter Maid
Job family: Protective Service Occupations
Take this to your AI
A source-stamped Markdown brief of this occupation — paste it into an agent, or fetch
/roles/role-33-3041-00/context.md directly.
AI work map
A fast read on where AI already shows up in this occupation, where it stays a copilot, where humans remain in the loop, and what the labor market is doing. Built from observed Claude.ai conversations mapped to O*NET tasks and from published research — measures of usage and exposure, not advice or predictions that the job is going away.
Market signal
Independent published positions, read together — not a forecast.
- Declining employment outlook (-1.5% by 2034)
- 700 openings/yr
- Moderate AI exposure
- Median pay $47,150/yr
- Work is mostly on-site (not teleworkable)
- 2013 flagged this for computerization (69th); today's AI task-overlap is comparatively low (40th)
40th-percentile task overlap — yet about 700 openings a year (-1.5% projected, BLS) . What exposure means →
AI & job outlook
What today's research says about this occupation's exposure to AI, how AI is actually being used in it, and where employment is headed. These are positions within published studies — measures of exposure and usage, not predictions that this job will disappear.
Exposure to current AI
Each study uses its own scale, so the raw scores are not comparable across rows — the percentile (this job's rank among all U.S. occupations with data) is the comparable figure, and sizes the bars.
| Measure | Rank vs all occupations | Percentile | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.) Low | 31st | -0.6 | |
| LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou) Moderate | 42nd | 0.5 | |
| AI assistant applicability (Microsoft) Moderate | 52nd | 0.2 |
OpenAI's exposure study scores tasks three ways: with a language model alone (α 0.2), with simple added tooling (β 0.3), and including AI-powered software (γ 0.5). Higher means more of the job's tasks could be done at least twice as fast — not that they will be automated away.
This job mostly cannot be done remotely (Dingel–Neiman) — its hands-on tasks sit outside what software-based AI reaches.
Mixed signals. Today's AI/LLM studies show relatively low exposure for this job, but the older (2013) Frey–Osborne work rated it higher for computerization and robotics. Different eras, different technologies — the AI measures above reflect the current state.
Historical automation estimate (2013)
A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking.
Frey–Osborne probability 0.8 · 69th percentile among occupations · High
How AI is actually used in this job
Among measured AI assistant conversations mapped to this occupation (Anthropic Economic Index, 2026-01-15), these task types came up most. These are shares of observed AI conversations — not shares of the job, of worker time, or of what could be automated.
| Provide information to the public regarding parking regulations and facilities, and the location of streets, buildings and points of interest. | 0.2% |
Job outlook
Independent U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics employment projection for 2024–2034 — a labor-market forecast, not an AI-impact forecast.
| Outlook | Declining · -1.5% by 2034 |
| Projected annual openings | 700 |
| Employment 2024 → 2034 | 8,400 → 8,200 |
“Annual openings” counts new jobs plus replacements for workers who leave the occupation, so it can be large even when growth is modest.
Where this work sits on the global GenAI gradient
The ILO's 2025 global study scores generative-AI exposure on the international ISCO-08 occupation system, not US SOC. Bridged through the published (and approximate, many-to-many) IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 crosswalk, this US occupation corresponds to the international occupation below. Exposure here means how much of the work's tasks today's AI can attempt — task overlap, not automation, adoption, or jobs lost.
Parking Enforcement Workers sits at the 33rd percentile of 427
occupations on the global GenAI task-exposure gradient
— exposure eased from 2023 to 2025. Each dot is one occupation; the
ringed one is this work. Exposure is task overlap, not automation or jobs lost.
20% mean task exposure (2025)
33rd percentile of 427 placed occupations
−1 pts shift 2023 → 2025
| International occupation (ISCO-08) | Task exposure (2025) | Most tasks fall in |
|---|---|---|
| Protective Services Workers Not Elsewhere Classified · 5419 | 20% | Not exposed |
Read the whole six-band gradient on the GenAI exposure gradient page. The crosswalk is approximate: a US occupation can map to several international ones, and the ILO scores describe the international occupation, not this exact US role.
Tasks
All 23 tasks O*NET lists for this occupation, ordered by importance. Each links to its own page with AI-exposure and observed-use detail.
- Enter and retrieve information pertaining to vehicle registration, identification, and status, using hand-held computers. Core · importance 4.3
- Patrol an assigned area by vehicle or on foot to ensure public compliance with existing parking ordinance. Core · importance 4.3
- Write warnings and citations for illegally parked vehicles. Core · importance 4.3
- Appear in court at hearings regarding contested traffic citations. Core · importance 4.2
- Maintain assigned equipment and supplies, such as hand-held citation computers, citation books, rain gear, tire-marking chalk, and street cones. Core · importance 4.2
- Respond to and make radio dispatch calls regarding parking violations and complaints. Core · importance 4.2
- Maintain close communications with dispatching personnel, using two-way radios or cell phones. Core · importance 4.2
- Perform simple vehicle maintenance procedures, such as checking oil and gas, and report mechanical problems to supervisors. Core · importance 4.1
- Observe and report hazardous conditions, such as missing traffic signals or signs, and street markings that need to be repainted. Core · importance 4.1
- Identify vehicles in violation of parking codes, checking with dispatchers when necessary to confirm identities or to determine whether vehicles need to be booted or towed. Core · importance 4.1
- Train new or temporary staff. Core · importance 4.0
- Mark tires of parked vehicles with chalk and record time of marking, and return at regular intervals to ensure that parking time limits are not exceeded. Supplemental · importance 3.9
- Locate lost, stolen, and counterfeit parking permits, and take necessary enforcement action. Supplemental · importance 3.9
- Make arrangements for illegally parked or abandoned vehicles to be towed, and direct tow-truck drivers to the correct vehicles. Core · importance 3.9
- Investigate and answer complaints regarding contested parking citations, determining their validity and routing them appropriately. Core · importance 3.8
- Provide information to the public regarding parking regulations and facilities, and the location of streets, buildings and points of interest. Core · importance 3.8
- Collect coins deposited in meters. Supplemental · importance 3.7
- Prepare and maintain required records, including logs of parking enforcement activities, and records of contested citations. Core · importance 3.7
- Wind parking meter clocks. Supplemental · importance 3.5
- Provide assistance to motorists needing help with problems, such as flat tires, keys locked in cars, or dead batteries. Supplemental · importance 3.5
- Assign and review the work of subordinates. Supplemental · importance 3.5
- Perform traffic control duties such as setting up barricades and temporary signs, placing bags on parking meters to limit their use, or directing traffic. Core · importance 3.4
- Remove handbills within patrol areas. Supplemental
Emerging tasks
Newer responsibilities O*NET has flagged as growing for this occupation.
- Perform traffic control duties such as setting up barricades and temporary signs, placing bags on parking meters to limit their use, or directing traffic or pedestrians.
Work activities
- Patrol properties to maintain safety.
- Relay information about incidents or emergencies to personnel using phones or two-way radios.
- Issue warnings or citations.
- Monitor vehicle movement or location.
- Train employees in proper work procedures.
- Locate suspicious objects or vehicles.
- Communicate situation details to appropriate personnel.
- Monitor environmental conditions to detect hazards.
- Investigate transportation incidents, violations, or complaints.
- Relay information between personnel.
- Respond to customer problems or complaints.
- Maintain supply or equipment inventories.
- Inform the public about policies, services or procedures.
- Testify at legal or legislative proceedings.
- Confiscate prohibited or dangerous items.
- Block physical access to restricted areas.
- Direct vehicle traffic.
- Assist motorists or pedestrians.
- Use databases to locate investigation details or other information.
- Collect deposits, payments or fees.
- Maintain operational records.
- Maintain mechanical equipment.
- Evaluate employee performance.
Knowledge, skills & abilities
O*NET importance rating, from 1 (not important) to 5 (extremely important).
Knowledge
| English Language | 3.8 | |
| Public Safety and Security | 3.7 | |
| Law and Government | 3.3 | |
| Computers and Electronics | 3.1 | |
| Education and Training | 3.1 | |
| Psychology | 2.8 |
Abilities
| Oral Expression | 3.6 | |
| Speech Clarity | 3.4 | |
| Oral Comprehension | 3.3 | |
| Information Ordering | 3.3 | |
| Near Vision | 3.3 | |
| Written Expression | 3.1 | |
| Problem Sensitivity | 3.1 | |
| Far Vision | 3.1 | |
| Speech Recognition | 3.1 | |
| Written Comprehension | 3.0 | |
| Deductive Reasoning | 3.0 | |
| Inductive Reasoning | 3.0 | |
| Perceptual Speed | 3.0 | |
| Selective Attention | 3.0 | |
| Control Precision | 3.0 | |
| Category Flexibility | 2.9 | |
| Trunk Strength | 2.9 | |
| Visual Color Discrimination | 2.9 |
Essential skills
| Speaking | 3.3 | |
| Monitoring | 3.3 | |
| Active Listening | 3.1 | |
| Critical Thinking | 3.1 | |
| Reading Comprehension | 3.0 | |
| Writing | 2.9 | |
| Active Learning | 2.9 |
Transferable skills
| Social Perceptiveness | 3.1 | |
| Coordination | 3.0 | |
| Service Orientation | 3.0 | |
| Time Management | 3.0 | |
| Instructing | 2.9 | |
| Judgment and Decision Making | 2.9 | |
| Persuasion | 2.8 | |
| Negotiation | 2.8 | |
| Complex Problem Solving | 2.8 |
Skills in demand
Skills employers ask for in job postings for this occupation (Lightcast), with whether each is a common or specialized skill.
Tools & technology
| Example | Category | |
|---|---|---|
| Microsoft Excel | Spreadsheet software | Hot technology In demand |
| Microsoft Access | Data base user interface and query software | Hot technology |
| Microsoft Office software | Office suite software | Hot technology |
| Microsoft Outlook | Electronic mail software | Hot technology |
| Microsoft PowerPoint | Presentation software | Hot technology |
| Microsoft Windows | Operating system software | Hot technology |
| Microsoft Word | Word processing software | Hot technology |
| Complus Data Innovations FastTrack | Data base user interface and query software | |
| Integrated Parking Solutions MApp | Data base user interface and query software | |
| Ticket issuing software | Data base user interface and query software | |
| Vehicle information databases | Data base user interface and query software | |
| Web browser software | Internet browser software |
Work context
How characteristic each condition is of the job, on O*NET's 1–5 context scale (higher = more present in day-to-day work). Each condition links to how it varies across all occupations.
How to get in
- Job zone
- Zone 2 — Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed
- Education
- Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not.
- Typical entry-level education
- High school diploma or equivalent · BLS, the typical path — not a requirement
- Related experience
- Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training.
- Preparation level
- SVP (Below 6.0) — total schooling plus on-the-job experience.
Education of current workers
Share of people in this occupation at each level of education.
| High School Diploma | 90.6% | |
| Less than a High School Diploma | 4.3% | |
| Some College Courses | 1.8% | |
| Post-Secondary Certificate | 1.6% | |
| Bachelor's Degree | 1.4% | |
| Associate's Degree (or other 2-year degree) | 0.3% |
Interests & work styles
The interests and personal qualities O*NET associates with people who do this work.
Career interests (Holland / RIASEC)
| Realistic | 6.4 | |
| Conventional | 5.1 | |
| Enterprising | 3.3 | |
| Social | 2.6 |
Interest areas
| Protective Service | 3.9 | |
| Transportation/Machine Operation | 3.1 | |
| Law | 2.7 | |
| Physical/Manual Labor | 2.0 | |
| Office Work | 1.7 | |
| Information Technology | 1.6 | |
| Mechanics/Electronics | 1.6 | |
| Management/Administration | 1.6 |
Work styles
| Dependability | 2.2 | |
| Attention to Detail | 2.0 | |
| Self-Control | 1.8 | |
| Integrity | 1.8 |
Wages & employment
U.S. · annual wages (BLS OEWS)
| 10th percentile | $35,410 |
| 25th percentile | $39,930 |
| Median (50th) | $47,150 |
| 75th percentile | $61,210 |
| 90th percentile | $76,030 |
| People employed | 7,770 |
Industries that employ this occupation
Where these workers are employed, by number of jobs (national, BLS OEWS). Pay shown is the occupation's national median, not industry-specific.
| Industry | Workers | National median pay |
|---|---|---|
| Educational Services · Sector | 850 | $41,140 |
| Other Services (except Public Administration) · Sector | 160 | $39,070 |
| Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation · Sector | 120 | $39,430 |
| Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services · Sector | 80 | $39,680 |
| Health Care and Social Assistance · Sector | 30 | $52,210 |
Where this work is most concentrated
Industries where this occupation is far more common than in the economy as a whole. The location quotient is how many times more concentrated it is here (a value of 5 means five times its economy-wide share).
| Industry | Concentration | Workers |
|---|---|---|
| Educational Services · Sector | 1.24× | 850 |
| Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation · Sector | 0.9× | 120 |
| Other Services (except Public Administration) · Sector | 0.72× | 160 |
Related occupations
Part of the Public Service & Safety career cluster.
- Parking Attendants · 53-6021.00 Compare →
- Security Guards · 33-9032.00 Compare →
- Transit and Railroad Police · 33-3052.00 Compare →
- Railroad Conductors and Yardmasters · 53-4031.00 Compare →
- Shuttle Drivers and Chauffeurs · 53-3053.00 Compare →
- Highway Maintenance Workers · 47-4051.00 Compare →
- Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance · 43-5032.00 Compare →
- Transportation Vehicle, Equipment and Systems Inspectors, Except Aviation · 53-6051.07 Compare →
- Traffic Technicians · 53-6041.00 Compare →
- Crossing Guards and Flaggers · 33-9091.00 Compare →
- First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators · 53-1043.00 Compare →
- Passenger Attendants · 53-6061.00 Compare →
Side-by-side comparisons place two occupations’ pay, preparation, skills, and AI exposure on the same page — same data, same scale, no forecast.
What you can do with this
Options the data surfaces for Parking Enforcement Workers — not advice or a forecast. Each is a real cross-link you can follow into the evidence.
Skills that travel
Capabilities this work builds that are used across many other occupations.
Adjacent roles
Occupations O*NET rates as related — the nearby moves on the map.
Paths in
How people typically prepare for this work.
- High school diploma or equivalent · typical entry level
- Job zone 2 — Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed · preparation tier
Zoom out
On the global GenAI exposure gradient this work sits around the 33rd percentile of 427 international occupations.
Write a report on thisheadline · factoids · citation
Parking Enforcement Workers show 40th-percentile AI task overlap — and about 700 annual U.S. openings
- Parking Enforcement Workers rank in the 40th percentile (Moderate band) for AI task overlap across U.S. occupations — a measure of how much of the work today's AI can attempt, not how much is automated.Eloundou et al. (GPTs are GPTs) + Felten AIOE
- The occupation is projected to see about 700 U.S. job openings per year (2024–34), counting growth and replacement — a labor-demand projection made independently of AI.BLS Employment Projections 2024–34
- BLS projects employment to be declining (-1.5%) from 2024 to 2034.BLS Employment Projections 2024–34
- Median annual pay is $47,150, across about 7,770 U.S. workers.BLS OEWS (May 2024)
Copy the whole kit
Parking Enforcement Workers show 40th-percentile AI task overlap — and about 700 annual U.S. openings • Parking Enforcement Workers rank in the 40th percentile (Moderate band) for AI task overlap across U.S. occupations — a measure of how much of the work today's AI can attempt, not how much is automated. (Eloundou et al. (GPTs are GPTs) + Felten AIOE) • The occupation is projected to see about 700 U.S. job openings per year (2024–34), counting growth and replacement — a labor-demand projection made independently of AI. (BLS Employment Projections 2024–34) • BLS projects employment to be declining (-1.5%) from 2024 to 2034. (BLS Employment Projections 2024–34) • Median annual pay is $47,150, across about 7,770 U.S. workers. (BLS OEWS (May 2024)) Source: Singulariki — "Parking Enforcement Workers". https://singulariki.com/roles/role-33-3041-00 Note: AI task overlap measures what today's AI can attempt, not automation, job loss, or a forecast.
AssetsShare imageMethodology & sourcesPress & newsroomThe newsroom
Every line is built only from figures this page already shows and cites. AI task overlap means what today's AI can attempt — not automation, job loss, or a forecast.
Sources for this page
Every figure above traces to a named public dataset and the exact release below — not hand-written opinion. See the full methodology for what each measure does and does not mean.
- O*NET 30.3 U.S. Department of Labor / National Center for O*NET Development
- BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) May 2024 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
- BLS Employment Projections 2024–2034 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Anthropic Economic Index v4 (2026-01-15) + v2 (2025-03-27) Anthropic
- Microsoft “Working with AI” working-with-ai Microsoft Research
- “GPTs are GPTs” (Eloundou et al.) arXiv 2303.10130 OpenAI / academic
- AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) Felten, Raj & Seamans academic
- ILO / Gmyrek et al. GenAI exposure gradient 2025 International Labour Organization
- IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 occupation crosswalk 2022 Institute for Structural Research (IBS)
- Frey & Osborne (2013) frey-osborne-automation academic
- Dingel & Neiman (2020) dingel-neiman-workathome academic
Data compiled June 2, 2026. Figures are estimates, not advice.
Cite this page
Plain
Singulariki. "Parking Enforcement Workers." Singulariki: a source-backed encyclopedia of work. Built from O*NET 30.3; BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) May 2024; BLS Employment Projections 2024–2034; Anthropic Economic Index v4 (2026-01-15) + v2 (2025-03-27); Microsoft “Working with AI” working-with-ai; “GPTs are GPTs” (Eloundou et al.) arXiv 2303.10130; AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) Felten, Raj & Seamans; ILO / Gmyrek et al. GenAI exposure gradient 2025; IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 occupation crosswalk 2022; Frey & Osborne (2013) frey-osborne-automation; Dingel & Neiman (2020) dingel-neiman-workathome. Accessed June 7, 2026. https://singulariki.com/roles/role-33-3041-00
APA
Singulariki. (2026). Parking Enforcement Workers. Singulariki: a source-backed encyclopedia of work. Retrieved June 7, 2026, from https://singulariki.com/roles/role-33-3041-00
BibTeX
@misc{singulariki-role-33-3041-00,
title = {Parking Enforcement Workers},
author = {{Singulariki}},
year = {2026},
note = {O*NET 30.3; BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) May 2024; BLS Employment Projections 2024–2034; Anthropic Economic Index v4 (2026-01-15) + v2 (2025-03-27); Microsoft “Working with AI” working-with-ai; “GPTs are GPTs” (Eloundou et al.) arXiv 2303.10130; AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) Felten, Raj & Seamans; ILO / Gmyrek et al. GenAI exposure gradient 2025; IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 occupation crosswalk 2022; Frey & Osborne (2013) frey-osborne-automation; Dingel & Neiman (2020) dingel-neiman-workathome. Accessed June 7, 2026},
url = {https://singulariki.com/roles/role-33-3041-00}
} Citations name the underlying public dataset releases — they reflect what this page is built from, not just the URL.