Skills it runs on
The capabilities O*NET rates most important for this occupation — the human ground the work is built on.
See all skills →Court, Municipal, and License Clerks
Occupation · SOC 43-4031.00
Perform clerical duties for courts of law, municipalities, or governmental licensing agencies and bureaus. May prepare docket of cases to be called; secure information for judges and court; prepare draft agendas or bylaws for town or city council; answer official correspondence; keep fiscal records and accounts; issue licenses or permits; and record data, administer tests, or collect fees.
Also called: City Clerk · Court Clerk · License Clerk · Town Clerk · City Recorder · License Specialist · Motor Vehicle Field Representative (MVFR) · Motor Vehicle Licensing Clerk · Municipal Clerk · Permits Specialist · Agent Licensing Clerk · Animal Control Licensing Worker
Job family: Office and Administrative Support Occupations
Take this to your AI
A source-stamped Markdown brief of this occupation — paste it into an agent, or fetch
/roles/role-43-4031-00/context.md directly.
AI work map
A fast read on where AI already shows up in this occupation, where it stays a copilot, where humans remain in the loop, and what the labor market is doing. Built from observed Claude.ai conversations mapped to O*NET tasks and from published research — measures of usage and exposure, not advice or predictions that the job is going away.
Market signal
Independent published positions, read together — not a forecast.
- About average employment outlook (+3.0% by 2034)
- 18,500 openings/yr
- High AI exposure
- Median pay $47,700/yr
- Work is mostly on-site (not teleworkable)
- A reversal from 2013 — rated low automation risk then (45th), high AI task-overlap now (88th)
88th-percentile task overlap — yet about 18,500 openings a year (+3% projected, BLS) . What exposure means →
AI & job outlook
What today's research says about this occupation's exposure to AI, how AI is actually being used in it, and where employment is headed. These are positions within published studies — measures of exposure and usage, not predictions that this job will disappear.
Exposure to current AI
Each study uses its own scale, so the raw scores are not comparable across rows — the percentile (this job's rank among all U.S. occupations with data) is the comparable figure, and sizes the bars.
| Measure | Rank vs all occupations | Percentile | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.) High | 82nd | 1.2 | |
| LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou) High | 89th | 1.0 | |
| AI assistant applicability (Microsoft) High | 79th | 0.2 |
OpenAI's exposure study scores tasks three ways: with a language model alone (α 0.4), with simple added tooling (β 0.7), and including AI-powered software (γ 1.0). Higher means more of the job's tasks could be done at least twice as fast — not that they will be automated away.
This job mostly cannot be done remotely (Dingel–Neiman) — its hands-on tasks sit outside what software-based AI reaches.
Historical automation estimate (2013)
A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking.
Frey–Osborne probability 0.5 · 45th percentile among occupations · Moderate
How AI is actually used in this job
Among measured AI assistant conversations mapped to this occupation (Anthropic Economic Index, 2026-01-15), these task types came up most. These are shares of observed AI conversations — not shares of the job, of worker time, or of what could be automated.
| Respond to requests for information from the public, other municipalities, state officials, or state and federal legislative offices. | 1.3% | |
| Answer questions or provide advice to the public regarding licensing policies, procedures, or regulations. | 1.1% | |
| Prepare documents recording the outcomes of court proceedings. | 0.8% | |
| Prepare meeting agendas or packets of related information. | 0.8% | |
| Verify the authenticity of documents, such as foreign identification or immigration documents. | 0.8% | |
| Answer inquiries from the general public regarding judicial procedures, court appearances, trial dates, adjournments, outstanding warrants, summonses, subpoenas, witness fees, or payment of fines. | 0.7% |
Job outlook
Independent U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics employment projection for 2024–2034 — a labor-market forecast, not an AI-impact forecast.
| Outlook | About average · +3.0% by 2034 |
| Projected annual openings | 18,500 |
| Employment 2024 → 2034 | 180,400 → 185,900 |
“Annual openings” counts new jobs plus replacements for workers who leave the occupation, so it can be large even when growth is modest.
Where this work sits on the global GenAI gradient
The ILO's 2025 global study scores generative-AI exposure on the international ISCO-08 occupation system, not US SOC. Bridged through the published (and approximate, many-to-many) IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 crosswalk, this US occupation corresponds to the international occupation below. Exposure here means how much of the work's tasks today's AI can attempt — task overlap, not automation, adoption, or jobs lost.
Court, Municipal, and License Clerks sits at the 81st percentile of 427
occupations on the global GenAI task-exposure gradient
— exposure eased from 2023 to 2025. Each dot is one occupation; the
ringed one is this work. Exposure is task overlap, not automation or jobs lost.
43% mean task exposure (2025)
81st percentile of 427 placed occupations
−20 pts shift 2023 → 2025
| International occupation (ISCO-08) | Task exposure (2025) | Most tasks fall in |
|---|---|---|
| Government Licensing Officials · 3354 | 43% | Gradient 2 |
Read the whole six-band gradient on the GenAI exposure gradient page. The crosswalk is approximate: a US occupation can map to several international ones, and the ILO scores describe the international occupation, not this exact US role.
Tasks
All 30 tasks O*NET lists for this occupation, ordered by importance. Each links to its own page with AI-exposure and observed-use detail.
- Evaluate information on applications to verify completeness and accuracy and to determine whether applicants are qualified to obtain desired licenses. Core · importance 4.7
- Perform administrative tasks, such as answering telephone calls, filing court documents, or maintaining office supplies or equipment. Core · importance 4.7
- Verify the authenticity of documents, such as foreign identification or immigration documents. Core · importance 4.6
- Record and edit the minutes of meetings and distribute to appropriate officials or staff members. Core · importance 4.6
- Question applicants to obtain required information, such as name, address, or age, and record data on prescribed forms. Core · importance 4.6
- Issue public notification of all official activities or meetings. Core · importance 4.6
- Record and maintain all vital and fiscal records and accounts. Core · importance 4.6
- Record case dispositions, court orders, or arrangements made for payment of court fees. Core · importance 4.6
- Answer questions or provide advice to the public regarding licensing policies, procedures, or regulations. Core · importance 4.5
- Prepare meeting agendas or packets of related information. Core · importance 4.5
- Examine legal documents submitted to courts for adherence to laws or court procedures. Core · importance 4.5
- Participate in the administration of municipal elections, such as preparation or distribution of ballots, appointment or training of election officers, or tabulation or certification of results. Supplemental · importance 4.5
- Prepare ordinances, resolutions, or proclamations so that they can be executed, recorded, archived, or distributed. Core · importance 4.5
- Answer inquiries from the general public regarding judicial procedures, court appearances, trial dates, adjournments, outstanding warrants, summonses, subpoenas, witness fees, or payment of fines. Core · importance 4.5
- Code information on license applications for entry into computers. Core · importance 4.4
- Prepare documents recording the outcomes of court proceedings. Core · importance 4.4
- Perform budgeting duties, such as assisting in budget preparation, expenditure review, or budget administration. Core · importance 4.4
- Prepare and issue orders of the court, such as probation orders, release documentation, sentencing information, or summonses. Core · importance 4.4
- Perform record checks on past or current licensees, as required by investigations. Core · importance 4.3
- Search files and contact witnesses, attorneys, or litigants to obtain information for the court. Supplemental · importance 4.2
- Perform general office duties, such as taking or transcribing dictation, typing or proofreading correspondence, distributing or filing official forms, or scheduling appointments. Core · importance 4.2
- Instruct parties about timing of court appearances. Core · importance 4.1
- Respond to requests for information from the public, other municipalities, state officials, or state and federal legislative offices. Core · importance 4.1
- Coordinate or maintain office tracking systems for correspondence or follow-up actions. Core · importance 4.0
- Train other workers or coordinate their work, as necessary. Core · importance 3.9
- Research information in the municipal archives upon request of public officials or private citizens. Core · importance 3.8
- Perform contract administration duties, assisting with bid openings or the awarding of contracts. Core · importance 3.8
- Issue various permits and licenses, such as marriage, fishing, hunting, and dog licenses, and collect appropriate fees.
- Plan or direct the maintenance, filing, safekeeping, or computerization of all municipal documents.
- Prepare dockets or calendars of cases to be called.
Work activities
- Verify accuracy of financial or transactional data.
- Examine documents to verify adherence to requirements.
- Record information from meetings or other formal proceedings.
- Distribute materials to employees or customers.
- Interview employees, customers, or others to collect information.
- Prepare documentation for contracts, transactions, or regulatory compliance.
- Maintain financial or account records.
- Explain regulations, policies, or procedures.
- Prepare informational or reference materials.
- Prepare legal documents.
- Code data or other information.
- Record information about legal matters.
- Analyze financial information.
- Search files, databases or reference materials to obtain needed information.
- Proofread documents, records, or other files to ensure accuracy.
- Schedule appointments.
- Issue documentation or identification to customers or employees.
- Maintain office equipment in proper operating condition.
- Answer telephones to direct calls or provide information.
- Provide information to the general public.
- Communicate with government agencies.
- Coordinate operational activities.
- Train personnel.
- Perform administrative or clerical tasks.
- Issue certificates or licenses.
- Collect deposits, payments or fees.
- Manage clerical or administrative activities.
- Coordinate legal schedules or activities.
Knowledge, skills & abilities
O*NET importance rating, from 1 (not important) to 5 (extremely important).
Knowledge
Abilities
| Oral Comprehension | 3.9 | |
| Oral Expression | 3.8 | |
| Near Vision | 3.6 | |
| Written Comprehension | 3.5 | |
| Speech Recognition | 3.5 | |
| Written Expression | 3.4 | |
| Problem Sensitivity | 3.4 | |
| Deductive Reasoning | 3.4 | |
| Information Ordering | 3.4 | |
| Speech Clarity | 3.4 | |
| Inductive Reasoning | 3.3 | |
| Category Flexibility | 3.1 | |
| Flexibility of Closure | 2.9 | |
| Selective Attention | 2.9 | |
| Wrist-Finger Speed | 2.8 |
Essential skills
| Active Listening | 3.6 | |
| Speaking | 3.6 | |
| Reading Comprehension | 3.4 | |
| Writing | 3.4 | |
| Critical Thinking | 3.3 | |
| Monitoring | 3.0 | |
| Active Learning | 2.6 |
Transferable skills
| Social Perceptiveness | 3.3 | |
| Service Orientation | 3.1 | |
| Time Management | 3.1 | |
| Coordination | 3.0 | |
| Judgment and Decision Making | 3.0 | |
| Complex Problem Solving | 2.9 | |
| Management of Personnel Resources | 2.8 |
Skills in demand
Skills employers ask for in job postings for this occupation (Lightcast), with whether each is a common or specialized skill.
Showing the top 40 of 42.
Tools & technology
Work context
How characteristic each condition is of the job, on O*NET's 1–5 context scale (higher = more present in day-to-day work). Each condition links to how it varies across all occupations.
How to get in
- Job zone
- Zone 2 — Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed
- Education
- Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not.
- Typical entry-level education
- High school diploma or equivalent · BLS, the typical path — not a requirement
- Related experience
- Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training.
- Preparation level
- SVP (Below 6.0) — total schooling plus on-the-job experience.
Education of current workers
Share of people in this occupation at each level of education.
| High School Diploma | 50.0% | |
| Some College Courses | 17.7% | |
| Associate's Degree (or other 2-year degree) | 13.1% | |
| Bachelor's Degree | 10.4% | |
| First Professional Degree | 3.4% | |
| Less than a High School Diploma | 2.5% | |
| Post-Secondary Certificate | 2.4% | |
| Post-Baccalaureate Certificate | 0.5% |
Interests & work styles
The interests and personal qualities O*NET associates with people who do this work.
Interest areas
| Office Work | 6.5 | |
| Law | 4.2 | |
| Accounting | 3.4 | |
| Management/Administration | 3.0 | |
| Personal Service | 2.2 | |
| Human Resources | 2.0 | |
| Finance | 2.0 |
Career interests (Holland / RIASEC)
| Conventional | 6.2 | |
| Enterprising | 4.2 | |
| Social | 3.5 | |
| Realistic | 2.0 | |
| Investigative | 1.9 |
Work styles
| Dependability | 4.0 | |
| Attention to Detail | 3.0 | |
| Integrity | 2.4 | |
| Cautiousness | 2.0 |
Wages & employment
U.S. · annual wages (BLS OEWS)
| 10th percentile | $34,860 |
| 25th percentile | $39,730 |
| Median (50th) | $47,700 |
| 75th percentile | $59,590 |
| 90th percentile | $72,370 |
| People employed | 170,010 |
Industries that employ this occupation
Where these workers are employed, by number of jobs (national, BLS OEWS). Pay shown is the occupation's national median, not industry-specific.
| Industry | Workers | National median pay |
|---|---|---|
| Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services · Sector | 1,830 | $33,530 |
| Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services · Sector | 400 | $37,280 |
| Retail Trade · Sector | 130 | $41,100 |
| Other Services (except Public Administration) · Sector | 130 | $45,640 |
| Health Care and Social Assistance · Sector | 110 | $34,410 |
| Temporary Help Services · National industry | — | $33,950 |
Where this work is most concentrated
Industries where this occupation is far more common than in the economy as a whole. The location quotient is how many times more concentrated it is here (a value of 5 means five times its economy-wide share).
| Industry | Concentration | Workers |
|---|---|---|
| Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services · Sector | 0.18× | 1,830 |
| Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services · Sector | 0.03× | 400 |
| Other Services (except Public Administration) · Sector | 0.03× | 130 |
| Retail Trade · Sector | 0.01× | 130 |
| Health Care and Social Assistance · Sector | 0× | 110 |
Related occupations
Part of the Public Service & Safety career cluster.
- Legal Secretaries and Administrative Assistants · 43-6012.00 Compare →
- Compliance Officers · 13-1041.00 Compare →
- Office Clerks, General · 43-9061.00 Compare →
- Paralegals and Legal Assistants · 23-2011.00 Compare →
- Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers · 23-2093.00 Compare →
- Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive · 43-6014.00 Compare →
- Correspondence Clerks · 43-4021.00 Compare →
- Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants · 43-6011.00 Compare →
- Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks · 43-9041.00 Compare →
- Receptionists and Information Clerks · 43-4171.00 Compare →
- Judicial Law Clerks · 23-1012.00 Compare →
- Court Reporters and Simultaneous Captioners · 27-3092.00 Compare →
Side-by-side comparisons place two occupations’ pay, preparation, skills, and AI exposure on the same page — same data, same scale, no forecast.
What you can do with this
Options the data surfaces for Court, Municipal, and License Clerks — not advice or a forecast. Each is a real cross-link you can follow into the evidence.
Skills that travel
Capabilities this work builds that are used across many other occupations.
Adjacent roles
Occupations O*NET rates as related — the nearby moves on the map.
Paths in
How people typically prepare for this work.
- High school diploma or equivalent · typical entry level
- Job zone 2 — Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed · preparation tier
Zoom out
On the global GenAI exposure gradient this work sits around the 81st percentile of 427 international occupations.
Write a report on thisheadline · factoids · citation
Court, Municipal, and License Clerks show 88th-percentile AI task overlap — and about 18,500 annual U.S. openings
- Court, Municipal, and License Clerks rank in the 88th percentile (High band) for AI task overlap across U.S. occupations — a measure of how much of the work today's AI can attempt, not how much is automated.Eloundou et al. (GPTs are GPTs) + Felten AIOE
- The occupation is projected to see about 18,500 U.S. job openings per year (2024–34), counting growth and replacement — a labor-demand projection made independently of AI.BLS Employment Projections 2024–34
- BLS projects employment to be about average (+3%) from 2024 to 2034.BLS Employment Projections 2024–34
- Median annual pay is $47,700, across about 170,010 U.S. workers.BLS OEWS (May 2024)
Copy the whole kit
Court, Municipal, and License Clerks show 88th-percentile AI task overlap — and about 18,500 annual U.S. openings • Court, Municipal, and License Clerks rank in the 88th percentile (High band) for AI task overlap across U.S. occupations — a measure of how much of the work today's AI can attempt, not how much is automated. (Eloundou et al. (GPTs are GPTs) + Felten AIOE) • The occupation is projected to see about 18,500 U.S. job openings per year (2024–34), counting growth and replacement — a labor-demand projection made independently of AI. (BLS Employment Projections 2024–34) • BLS projects employment to be about average (+3%) from 2024 to 2034. (BLS Employment Projections 2024–34) • Median annual pay is $47,700, across about 170,010 U.S. workers. (BLS OEWS (May 2024)) Source: Singulariki — "Court, Municipal, and License Clerks". https://singulariki.com/roles/role-43-4031-00 Note: AI task overlap measures what today's AI can attempt, not automation, job loss, or a forecast.
AssetsShare imageMethodology & sourcesPress & newsroomThe newsroom
Every line is built only from figures this page already shows and cites. AI task overlap means what today's AI can attempt — not automation, job loss, or a forecast.
Sources for this page
Every figure above traces to a named public dataset and the exact release below — not hand-written opinion. See the full methodology for what each measure does and does not mean.
- O*NET 30.3 U.S. Department of Labor / National Center for O*NET Development
- BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) May 2024 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
- BLS Employment Projections 2024–2034 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Anthropic Economic Index v4 (2026-01-15) + v2 (2025-03-27) Anthropic
- Microsoft “Working with AI” working-with-ai Microsoft Research
- “GPTs are GPTs” (Eloundou et al.) arXiv 2303.10130 OpenAI / academic
- AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) Felten, Raj & Seamans academic
- ILO / Gmyrek et al. GenAI exposure gradient 2025 International Labour Organization
- IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 occupation crosswalk 2022 Institute for Structural Research (IBS)
- Frey & Osborne (2013) frey-osborne-automation academic
- Dingel & Neiman (2020) dingel-neiman-workathome academic
Data compiled June 2, 2026. Figures are estimates, not advice.
Cite this page
Plain
Singulariki. "Court, Municipal, and License Clerks." Singulariki: a source-backed encyclopedia of work. Built from O*NET 30.3; BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) May 2024; BLS Employment Projections 2024–2034; Anthropic Economic Index v4 (2026-01-15) + v2 (2025-03-27); Microsoft “Working with AI” working-with-ai; “GPTs are GPTs” (Eloundou et al.) arXiv 2303.10130; AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) Felten, Raj & Seamans; ILO / Gmyrek et al. GenAI exposure gradient 2025; IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 occupation crosswalk 2022; Frey & Osborne (2013) frey-osborne-automation; Dingel & Neiman (2020) dingel-neiman-workathome. Accessed June 7, 2026. https://singulariki.com/roles/role-43-4031-00
APA
Singulariki. (2026). Court, Municipal, and License Clerks. Singulariki: a source-backed encyclopedia of work. Retrieved June 7, 2026, from https://singulariki.com/roles/role-43-4031-00
BibTeX
@misc{singulariki-role-43-4031-00,
title = {Court, Municipal, and License Clerks},
author = {{Singulariki}},
year = {2026},
note = {O*NET 30.3; BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) May 2024; BLS Employment Projections 2024–2034; Anthropic Economic Index v4 (2026-01-15) + v2 (2025-03-27); Microsoft “Working with AI” working-with-ai; “GPTs are GPTs” (Eloundou et al.) arXiv 2303.10130; AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) Felten, Raj & Seamans; ILO / Gmyrek et al. GenAI exposure gradient 2025; IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 occupation crosswalk 2022; Frey & Osborne (2013) frey-osborne-automation; Dingel & Neiman (2020) dingel-neiman-workathome. Accessed June 7, 2026},
url = {https://singulariki.com/roles/role-43-4031-00}
} Citations name the underlying public dataset releases — they reflect what this page is built from, not just the URL.