Occupation · SOC 21-2011.00
Conduct religious worship and perform other spiritual functions associated with beliefs and practices of religious faith or denomination. Provide spiritual and moral guidance and assistance to members.
Also called: Minister · Pastor · Priest · Rector · Bishop · Chaplain · Children's Minister · Imam · Rabbi · Worship Pastor · Administrator Pastor · Brother
Job family: Community and Social Service Occupations
A source-stamped Markdown brief of this occupation — paste it into an agent, or fetch
/roles/role-21-2011-00/context.md directly.
A fast read on where AI already shows up in this occupation, where it stays a copilot, where humans remain in the loop, and what the labor market is doing. Built from observed Claude.ai conversations mapped to O*NET tasks and from published research — measures of usage and exposure, not advice or predictions that the job is going away.
Task areas most often handled directively in observed AI conversations — candidates to delegate with light review.
Task areas where people work with AI — iterating, learning, or checking — staying in the loop rather than handing the task off.
Task areas where a human was still judged necessary in a large share of observed conversations — not a safety ruling, an observed-need signal.
The capabilities O*NET rates most important for this occupation — the human ground the work is built on.
See all skills →Independent published positions, read together — not a forecast.
71st-percentile task overlap — yet about 23,000 openings a year (+1% projected, BLS), and observed AI use leans 6029% copilot, not hand-off (AEI) . What exposure means →
What today's research says about this occupation's exposure to AI, how AI is actually being used in it, and where employment is headed. These are positions within published studies — measures of exposure and usage, not predictions that this job will disappear.
Each study uses its own scale, so the raw scores are not comparable across rows — the percentile (this job's rank among all U.S. occupations with data) is the comparable figure, and sizes the bars.
| Measure | Rank vs all occupations | Percentile | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.) High | 85th | 1.3 | |
| LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou) Moderate | 42nd | 0.5 | |
| AI assistant applicability (Microsoft) High | 85th | 0.3 |
OpenAI's exposure study scores tasks three ways: with a language model alone (α 0.2), with simple added tooling (β 0.3), and including AI-powered software (γ 0.5). Higher means more of the job's tasks could be done at least twice as fast — not that they will be automated away.
Most of this job's tasks can be done remotely (Dingel–Neiman), which tends to track with higher digital and AI exposure.
A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking.
Frey–Osborne probability 0.0 · 6th percentile among occupations · Low
Among measured AI assistant conversations mapped to this occupation (Anthropic Economic Index, 2026-01-15), these task types came up most. These are shares of observed AI conversations — not shares of the job, of worker time, or of what could be automated.
| Share information about religious issues by writing articles, giving speeches, or teaching. | 16.9% | |
| Prepare and deliver sermons or other talks. | 2.5% | |
| Counsel individuals or groups concerning their spiritual, emotional, or personal needs. | 2.3% | |
| Pray and promote spirituality. | 1.2% | |
| Plan or lead religious education programs. | 1.0% | |
| Study and interpret religious laws, doctrines, or traditions. | 0.4% |
Independent U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics employment projection for 2024–2034 — a labor-market forecast, not an AI-impact forecast.
| Outlook | About average · +1.0% by 2034 |
| Projected annual openings | 23,000 |
| Employment 2024 → 2034 | 262,000 → 264,600 |
“Annual openings” counts new jobs plus replacements for workers who leave the occupation, so it can be large even when growth is modest.
The ILO's 2025 global study scores generative-AI exposure on the international ISCO-08 occupation system, not US SOC. Bridged through the published (and approximate, many-to-many) IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 crosswalk, this US occupation corresponds to the international occupation below. Exposure here means how much of the work's tasks today's AI can attempt — task overlap, not automation, adoption, or jobs lost.
| International occupation (ISCO-08) | Task exposure (2025) | Most tasks fall in |
|---|---|---|
| Religious Professionals · 2636 | 17% | Not exposed |
Read the whole six-band gradient on the GenAI exposure gradient page. The crosswalk is approximate: a US occupation can map to several international ones, and the ILO scores describe the international occupation, not this exact US role.
How people actually apply AI to this occupation's tasks, from Claude.ai (Free and Pro) conversations in the Anthropic Economic Index, 2026-01-15. This is one AI assistant's consumer sample — not all AI, not the whole workforce. Autonomy and the collaboration mix are model-rated estimates; figures below the sample floor are hidden.
| Augmentation vs. automation | 60.3% working with AI · 35.1% handed to AI |
| Most common way people use AI here | Directive · AI does it; you give the instruction |
| Typical AI autonomy | 4.0 / 5 · higher = AI acts more independently |
| Used for work (vs. personal / coursework) | 24.6% |
The role's most common tasks in AI conversations, each tagged with how people work with the AI on it. “Usage” is the share of observed conversations, not of the job.
| Task | How | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| Read from sacred texts such as the Bible, Torah, or Koran. | Learning | 24.7% |
| Share information about religious issues by writing articles, giving speeches, or teaching. | Learning | 9.5% |
| Prepare and deliver sermons or other talks. | Iteration | 6.6% |
| Counsel individuals or groups concerning their spiritual, emotional, or personal needs. | Learning | 3.5% |
| Pray and promote spirituality. | Directive | 1.1% |
| Prepare people for participation in religious ceremonies. | Directive | 0.7% |
| Plan or lead religious education programs. | Directive | 0.6% |
| Study and interpret religious laws, doctrines, or traditions. | Learning | 0.4% |
Tasks where the model most often judged that a person remained necessary — a useful read on the current boundary, not a guarantee.
| Prepare people for participation in religious ceremonies. | 95.9% | |
| Pray and promote spirituality. | 95.5% | |
| Prepare and deliver sermons or other talks. | 95.3% | |
| Share information about religious issues by writing articles, giving speeches, or teaching. | 95.3% | |
| Plan or lead religious education programs. | 95.1% | |
| Organize or engage in interfaith, community, civic, educational, or recreational activities sponsored by or related to religious programs. | 91.4% |
Example prompts phrased from the tasks people most often delegate to AI in this occupation (Anthropic Economic Index). Each shows the underlying measured task and its share of observed AI use. They are suggested phrasings of real tasks — starting points, not endorsed instructions.
Help me read from sacred texts such as the Bible, Torah, or Koran. From: Read from sacred texts such as the Bible, Torah, or Koran. · 24.7% of measured AI use · learning
Help me share information about religious issues by writing articles, giving speeches, or teaching. From: Share information about religious issues by writing articles, giving speeches, or teaching. · 9.5% of measured AI use · learning
Help me prepare and deliver sermons or other talks. From: Prepare and deliver sermons or other talks. · 6.6% of measured AI use · task iteration
Help me counsel individuals or groups concerning their spiritual, emotional, or personal needs. From: Counsel individuals or groups concerning their spiritual, emotional, or personal needs. · 3.5% of measured AI use · learning
All 21 tasks O*NET lists for this occupation, ordered by importance. Each links to its own page with AI-exposure and observed-use detail.
O*NET importance rating, from 1 (not important) to 5 (extremely important).
| Speech Clarity | 4.9 | |
| Oral Expression | 4.8 | |
| Oral Comprehension | 4.1 | |
| Written Comprehension | 4.0 | |
| Written Expression | 4.0 | |
| Problem Sensitivity | 4.0 | |
| Deductive Reasoning | 4.0 | |
| Inductive Reasoning | 4.0 | |
| Speech Recognition | 4.0 | |
| Fluency of Ideas | 3.9 | |
| Originality | 3.9 | |
| Information Ordering | 3.8 |
| Speaking | 4.8 | |
| Active Listening | 4.3 | |
| Reading Comprehension | 3.9 | |
| Writing | 3.9 | |
| Critical Thinking | 3.8 | |
| Active Learning | 3.8 | |
| Learning Strategies | 3.6 | |
| Monitoring | 3.5 |
| Social Perceptiveness | 4.1 | |
| Instructing | 4.0 | |
| Service Orientation | 4.0 | |
| Persuasion | 3.9 | |
| Judgment and Decision Making | 3.9 | |
| Time Management | 3.9 | |
| Coordination | 3.8 | |
| Negotiation | 3.8 | |
| Complex Problem Solving | 3.8 |
Skills employers ask for in job postings for this occupation (Lightcast), with whether each is a common or specialized skill.
| Example | Category | |
|---|---|---|
| Web page creation and editing software | Hot technology | |
| Microsoft Excel | Spreadsheet software | Hot technology |
| Microsoft Office software | Office suite software | Hot technology |
| Microsoft Outlook | Electronic mail software | Hot technology |
| Microsoft PowerPoint | Presentation software | Hot technology |
| Microsoft Word | Word processing software | Hot technology |
| Email software | Electronic mail software | |
| Event scheduling software | Calendar and scheduling software | |
| GroupMe | Instant messaging software | |
| Membership databases | Data base user interface and query software | |
| Instant messaging software | ||
| Web browser software | Internet browser software |
How characteristic each condition is of the job, on O*NET's 1–5 context scale (higher = more present in day-to-day work). Each condition links to how it varies across all occupations.
What to study: Health Professions and Related Programs , Theology and Religious Vocations . Fields of study crosswalked to this occupation (NCES CIP–SOC), not a requirement.
Share of people in this occupation at each level of education.
| Master's Degree | 47.8% | |
| Bachelor's Degree | 18.3% | |
| Some College Courses | 15.2% | |
| High School Diploma | 12.2% | |
| Doctoral Degree | 5.1% | |
| First Professional Degree | 1.3% |
The interests and personal qualities O*NET associates with people who do this work.
| Integrity | 10.0 | |
| Cooperation | 9.0 | |
| Social Orientation | 8.0 | |
| Self-Control | 7.0 | |
| Empathy | 6.0 | |
| Perseverance | 5.0 | |
| Leadership Orientation | 4.0 |
| Religious Activities | 7.0 | |
| Management/Administration | 7.0 | |
| Social Service | 6.1 | |
| Personal Service | 6.0 | |
| Public Speaking | 6.0 | |
| Teaching/Education | 5.4 | |
| Professional Advising | 5.2 |
| Social | 5.9 | |
| Enterprising | 4.2 |
U.S. · annual wages (BLS OEWS)
| 10th percentile | $37,140 |
| 25th percentile | $47,220 |
| Median (50th) | $60,820 |
| 75th percentile | $76,340 |
| 90th percentile | $99,720 |
| People employed | 58,080 |
Where these workers are employed, by number of jobs (national, BLS OEWS). Pay shown is the occupation's national median, not industry-specific.
| Industry | Workers | National median pay |
|---|---|---|
| Other Services (except Public Administration) · Sector | 27,840 | $58,550 |
| Health Care and Social Assistance · Sector | 21,830 | $62,500 |
| Educational Services · Sector | 3,820 | $56,450 |
| Management of Companies and Enterprises · Sector | 760 | $64,120 |
| Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services · Sector | 230 | $59,190 |
| Manufacturing · Sector | 140 | $70,290 |
| Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities · National industry | 140 | $46,150 |
| Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities · National industry | 140 | $60,940 |
| Information · Sector | 130 | $61,520 |
| Labor Unions and Similar Labor Organizations · National industry | 50 | $74,750 |
| Real Estate and Rental and Leasing · Sector | 40 | $80,460 |
| Retail Trade · Sector | — | $73,980 |
Industries where this occupation is far more common than in the economy as a whole. The location quotient is how many times more concentrated it is here (a value of 5 means five times its economy-wide share).
| Industry | Concentration | Workers |
|---|---|---|
| Other Services (except Public Administration) · Sector | 16.7× | 27,840 |
| Health Care and Social Assistance · Sector | 2.51× | 21,830 |
| Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities · National industry | 1.44× | 140 |
| Educational Services · Sector | 0.74× | 3,820 |
| Management of Companies and Enterprises · Sector | 0.72× | 760 |
| Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities · National industry | 0.15× | 140 |
| Information · Sector | 0.12× | 130 |
| Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services · Sector | 0.07× | 230 |
Part of the Healthcare & Human Services career cluster.
Side-by-side comparisons place two occupations’ pay, preparation, skills, and AI exposure on the same page — same data, same scale, no forecast.
Options the data surfaces for Clergy — not advice or a forecast. Each is a real cross-link you can follow into the evidence.
Capabilities this work builds that are used across many other occupations.
Occupations O*NET rates as related — the nearby moves on the map.
How people typically prepare for this work.
On the global GenAI exposure gradient this work sits around the 21st percentile of 427 international occupations.
Clergy show 71st-percentile AI task overlap — and about 23,000 annual U.S. openings
Clergy show 71st-percentile AI task overlap — and about 23,000 annual U.S. openings • Clergy rank in the 71st percentile (High band) for AI task overlap across U.S. occupations — a measure of how much of the work today's AI can attempt, not how much is automated. (Eloundou et al. (GPTs are GPTs) + Felten AIOE) • The occupation is projected to see about 23,000 U.S. job openings per year (2024–34), counting growth and replacement — a labor-demand projection made independently of AI. (BLS Employment Projections 2024–34) • BLS projects employment to be about average (+1%) from 2024 to 2034. (BLS Employment Projections 2024–34) • Median annual pay is $60,820, across about 58,080 U.S. workers. (BLS OEWS (May 2024)) • Of the AI use actually observed for this work, 60% looks like augmentation (drafting, iterating, checking) rather than hands-off automation — from a Claude.ai usage sample, not a census. (2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2) Source: Singulariki — "Clergy". https://singulariki.com/roles/role-21-2011-00 Note: AI task overlap measures what today's AI can attempt, not automation, job loss, or a forecast.
AssetsShare imageMethodology & sourcesPress & newsroomThe newsroom
Every line is built only from figures this page already shows and cites. AI task overlap means what today's AI can attempt — not automation, job loss, or a forecast.
Every figure above traces to a named public dataset and the exact release below — not hand-written opinion. See the full methodology for what each measure does and does not mean.
Data compiled June 2, 2026. Figures are estimates, not advice.
Singulariki. "Clergy." Singulariki: a source-backed encyclopedia of work. Built from O*NET 30.3; BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) May 2024; BLS Employment Projections 2024–2034; Anthropic Economic Index v4 (2026-01-15) + v2 (2025-03-27); Microsoft “Working with AI” working-with-ai; “GPTs are GPTs” (Eloundou et al.) arXiv 2303.10130; AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) Felten, Raj & Seamans; ILO / Gmyrek et al. GenAI exposure gradient 2025; IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 occupation crosswalk 2022; Frey & Osborne (2013) frey-osborne-automation; Dingel & Neiman (2020) dingel-neiman-workathome. Accessed June 7, 2026. https://singulariki.com/roles/role-21-2011-00
Singulariki. (2026). Clergy. Singulariki: a source-backed encyclopedia of work. Retrieved June 7, 2026, from https://singulariki.com/roles/role-21-2011-00
@misc{singulariki-role-21-2011-00,
title = {Clergy},
author = {{Singulariki}},
year = {2026},
note = {O*NET 30.3; BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) May 2024; BLS Employment Projections 2024–2034; Anthropic Economic Index v4 (2026-01-15) + v2 (2025-03-27); Microsoft “Working with AI” working-with-ai; “GPTs are GPTs” (Eloundou et al.) arXiv 2303.10130; AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) Felten, Raj & Seamans; ILO / Gmyrek et al. GenAI exposure gradient 2025; IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 occupation crosswalk 2022; Frey & Osborne (2013) frey-osborne-automation; Dingel & Neiman (2020) dingel-neiman-workathome. Accessed June 7, 2026},
url = {https://singulariki.com/roles/role-21-2011-00}
} Citations name the underlying public dataset releases — they reflect what this page is built from, not just the URL.