Occupation · SOC 43-9022.00
Use word processor, computer, or typewriter to type letters, reports, forms, or other material from rough draft, corrected copy, or voice recording. May perform other clerical duties as assigned.
Also called: Clerk Typist · Keyboard Specialist · Typist · Word Processor · Clerk Specialist · Office Technician · Stenographer · Account Clerk Typist · Addresser · Bordereau Clerk · Continuity Clerk · Court Stenographer
Job family: Office and Administrative Support Occupations
A source-stamped Markdown brief of this occupation — paste it into an agent, or fetch
/roles/role-43-9022-00/context.md directly.
A fast read on where AI already shows up in this occupation, where it stays a copilot, where humans remain in the loop, and what the labor market is doing. Built from observed Claude.ai conversations mapped to O*NET tasks and from published research — measures of usage and exposure, not advice or predictions that the job is going away.
Task areas most often handled directively in observed AI conversations — candidates to delegate with light review.
Task areas where people work with AI — iterating, learning, or checking — staying in the loop rather than handing the task off.
Task areas where a human was still judged necessary in a large share of observed conversations — not a safety ruling, an observed-need signal.
The capabilities O*NET rates most important for this occupation — the human ground the work is built on.
See all skills →Independent published positions, read together — not a forecast.
70th-percentile task overlap — yet about 2,200 openings a year (-36.1% projected, BLS), and observed AI use leans 3838% copilot, not hand-off (AEI) . What exposure means →
What today's research says about this occupation's exposure to AI, how AI is actually being used in it, and where employment is headed. These are positions within published studies — measures of exposure and usage, not predictions that this job will disappear.
Each study uses its own scale, so the raw scores are not comparable across rows — the percentile (this job's rank among all U.S. occupations with data) is the comparable figure, and sizes the bars.
| Measure | Rank vs all occupations | Percentile | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.) Moderate | 62nd | 0.6 | |
| LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou) Moderate | 63rd | 0.8 | |
| AI assistant applicability (Microsoft) High | 84th | 0.3 |
OpenAI's exposure study scores tasks three ways: with a language model alone (α 0.7), with simple added tooling (β 0.7), and including AI-powered software (γ 0.8). Higher means more of the job's tasks could be done at least twice as fast — not that they will be automated away.
Most of this job's tasks can be done remotely (Dingel–Neiman), which tends to track with higher digital and AI exposure.
A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking.
Frey–Osborne probability 0.8 · 65th percentile among occupations · Moderate
Among measured AI assistant conversations mapped to this occupation (Anthropic Economic Index, 2026-01-15), these task types came up most. These are shares of observed AI conversations — not shares of the job, of worker time, or of what could be automated.
| Reformat documents, moving paragraphs or columns. | 27.8% | |
| Check completed work for spelling, grammar, punctuation, and format. | 5.0% | |
| Search for specific sets of stored, typed characters to make changes. | 2.2% | |
| Electronically sort and compile text and numerical data, retrieving, updating, and merging documents as required. | 0.6% | |
| Use data entry devices, such as optical scanners, to input data into computers for revision or editing. | 0.3% | |
| Compute and verify totals on report forms, requisitions, or bills, using adding machine or calculator. | 0.2% |
Independent U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics employment projection for 2024–2034 — a labor-market forecast, not an AI-impact forecast.
| Outlook | Declining · -36.1% by 2034 |
| Projected annual openings | 2,200 |
| Employment 2024 → 2034 | 40,000 → 25,600 |
“Annual openings” counts new jobs plus replacements for workers who leave the occupation, so it can be large even when growth is modest.
The ILO's 2025 global study scores generative-AI exposure on the international ISCO-08 occupation system, not US SOC. Bridged through the published (and approximate, many-to-many) IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 crosswalk, this US occupation corresponds to the international occupation below. Exposure here means how much of the work's tasks today's AI can attempt — task overlap, not automation, adoption, or jobs lost.
| International occupation (ISCO-08) | Task exposure (2025) | Most tasks fall in |
|---|---|---|
| Typists and Word Processing Operators · 4131 | 65% | Gradient 4 |
Read the whole six-band gradient on the GenAI exposure gradient page. The crosswalk is approximate: a US occupation can map to several international ones, and the ILO scores describe the international occupation, not this exact US role.
How people actually apply AI to this occupation's tasks, from Claude.ai (Free and Pro) conversations in the Anthropic Economic Index, 2026-01-15. This is one AI assistant's consumer sample — not all AI, not the whole workforce. Autonomy and the collaboration mix are model-rated estimates; figures below the sample floor are hidden.
| Augmentation vs. automation | 38.4% working with AI · 57.8% handed to AI |
| Most common way people use AI here | Directive · AI does it; you give the instruction |
| Typical AI autonomy | 3.0 / 5 · higher = AI acts more independently |
| Used for work (vs. personal / coursework) | 59.9% |
The role's most common tasks in AI conversations, each tagged with how people work with the AI on it. “Usage” is the share of observed conversations, not of the job.
| Task | How | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| Reformat documents, moving paragraphs or columns. | Directive | 28.4% |
| File and store completed documents on computer hard drive or disk, or maintain a computer filing system to store, retrieve, update and delete documents. | Directive | 1.9% |
| Check completed work for spelling, grammar, punctuation, and format. | Iteration | 1.5% |
| Use data entry devices, such as optical scanners, to input data into computers for revision or editing. | Directive | 1.5% |
| Search for specific sets of stored, typed characters to make changes. | Directive | 1.0% |
| Electronically sort and compile text and numerical data, retrieving, updating, and merging documents as required. | Directive | 0.7% |
| Type correspondence, reports, text and other written material from rough drafts, corrected copies, voice recordings, dictation or previous versions, using a computer, word processor, or typewriter. | Directive | 0.6% |
Tasks where the model most often judged that a person remained necessary — a useful read on the current boundary, not a guarantee.
| Type correspondence, reports, text and other written material from rough drafts, corrected copies, voice recordings, dictation or previous versions, using a computer, word processor, or typewriter. | 100.0% | |
| Check completed work for spelling, grammar, punctuation, and format. | 98.1% | |
| Use data entry devices, such as optical scanners, to input data into computers for revision or editing. | 98.0% | |
| Search for specific sets of stored, typed characters to make changes. | 97.1% | |
| Electronically sort and compile text and numerical data, retrieving, updating, and merging documents as required. | 97.0% | |
| Reformat documents, moving paragraphs or columns. | 95.9% |
Example prompts phrased from the tasks people most often delegate to AI in this occupation (Anthropic Economic Index). Each shows the underlying measured task and its share of observed AI use. They are suggested phrasings of real tasks — starting points, not endorsed instructions.
Help me reformat documents, moving paragraphs or columns. From: Reformat documents, moving paragraphs or columns. · 28.4% of measured AI use · directive
Help me file and store completed documents on computer hard drive or disk, or maintain a computer filing system to store, retrieve, update and delete documents. From: File and store completed documents on computer hard drive or disk, or maintain a computer filing system to store, retrieve, update and delete documents. · 1.9% of measured AI use · directive
Help me check completed work for spelling, grammar, punctuation, and format. From: Check completed work for spelling, grammar, punctuation, and format. · 1.5% of measured AI use · task iteration
Help me use data entry devices, such as optical scanners, to input data into computers for revision or editing. From: Use data entry devices, such as optical scanners, to input data into computers for revision or editing. · 1.5% of measured AI use · directive
All 20 tasks O*NET lists for this occupation, ordered by importance. Each links to its own page with AI-exposure and observed-use detail.
O*NET importance rating, from 1 (not important) to 5 (extremely important).
| Administrative | 4.8 | |
| English Language | 4.3 | |
| Customer and Personal Service | 4.2 | |
| Computers and Electronics | 3.5 | |
| Law and Government | 2.6 | |
| Administration and Management | 2.4 |
| Near Vision | 4.0 | |
| Written Comprehension | 3.8 | |
| Speech Recognition | 3.5 | |
| Oral Comprehension | 3.4 | |
| Written Expression | 3.3 | |
| Oral Expression | 3.1 | |
| Information Ordering | 3.1 | |
| Wrist-Finger Speed | 3.1 | |
| Deductive Reasoning | 3.0 | |
| Category Flexibility | 3.0 | |
| Perceptual Speed | 3.0 | |
| Finger Dexterity | 3.0 | |
| Speech Clarity | 3.0 | |
| Problem Sensitivity | 2.9 | |
| Selective Attention | 2.9 | |
| Inductive Reasoning | 2.6 | |
| Flexibility of Closure | 2.5 | |
| Visualization | 2.5 | |
| Mathematical Reasoning | 2.4 | |
| Far Vision | 2.4 |
| Reading Comprehension | 3.5 | |
| Active Listening | 3.3 | |
| Writing | 3.3 | |
| Speaking | 3.0 | |
| Monitoring | 3.0 | |
| Critical Thinking | 2.8 | |
| Mathematics | 2.6 | |
| Active Learning | 2.3 |
| Time Management | 3.0 | |
| Service Orientation | 2.9 | |
| Social Perceptiveness | 2.6 | |
| Coordination | 2.6 | |
| Judgment and Decision Making | 2.5 | |
| Quality Control Analysis | 2.4 |
Skills employers ask for in job postings for this occupation (Lightcast), with whether each is a common or specialized skill.
Showing the top 40 of 45.
How characteristic each condition is of the job, on O*NET's 1–5 context scale (higher = more present in day-to-day work). Each condition links to how it varies across all occupations.
What to study: Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services , Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services . Fields of study crosswalked to this occupation (NCES CIP–SOC), not a requirement.
Share of people in this occupation at each level of education.
| High School Diploma | 49.6% | |
| Some College Courses | 45.5% | |
| Associate's Degree (or other 2-year degree) | 3.0% | |
| Less than a High School Diploma | 2.0% |
The interests and personal qualities O*NET associates with people who do this work.
| Conventional | 6.6 | |
| Realistic | 2.9 | |
| Artistic | 2.3 | |
| Social | 2.2 | |
| Investigative | 1.9 | |
| Enterprising | 1.9 |
| Office Work | 6.5 | |
| Information Technology | 2.4 | |
| Accounting | 2.3 | |
| Human Resources | 1.5 | |
| Personal Service | 1.4 | |
| Management/Administration | 1.4 | |
| Media | 1.3 |
| Attention to Detail | 2.8 | |
| Dependability | 2.4 | |
| Integrity | 1.3 |
U.S. · annual wages (BLS OEWS)
| 10th percentile | $35,300 |
| 25th percentile | $39,740 |
| Median (50th) | $47,850 |
| 75th percentile | $56,000 |
| 90th percentile | $64,370 |
| People employed | 36,030 |
Where these workers are employed, by number of jobs (national, BLS OEWS). Pay shown is the occupation's national median, not industry-specific.
| Industry | Workers | National median pay |
|---|---|---|
| Educational Services · Sector | 12,710 | $47,310 |
| Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services · Sector | 2,270 | — |
| Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services · Sector | 1,820 | $51,700 |
| Health Care and Social Assistance · Sector | 1,480 | $49,480 |
| Finance and Insurance · Sector | 590 | $47,160 |
| Information · Sector | 500 | $35,350 |
| Engineering Services · National industry | 180 | $52,550 |
| Newspaper Publishers · National industry | 140 | $25,100 |
| Real Estate and Rental and Leasing · Sector | 130 | $43,930 |
| Management of Companies and Enterprises · Sector | 80 | $40,950 |
| Wholesale Trade · Sector | 70 | $44,440 |
| Other Services (except Public Administration) · Sector | 70 | $41,780 |
Industries where this occupation is far more common than in the economy as a whole. The location quotient is how many times more concentrated it is here (a value of 5 means five times its economy-wide share).
| Industry | Concentration | Workers |
|---|---|---|
| Newspaper Publishers · National industry | 6.61× | 140 |
| Educational Services · Sector | 3.99× | 12,710 |
| Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services · Sector | 1.08× | 2,270 |
| Information · Sector | 0.74× | 500 |
| Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services · Sector | 0.72× | 1,820 |
| Engineering Services · National industry | 0.67× | 180 |
| Finance and Insurance · Sector | 0.41× | 590 |
| Health Care and Social Assistance · Sector | 0.27× | 1,480 |
Part of the Management & Entrepreneurship career cluster.
Side-by-side comparisons place two occupations’ pay, preparation, skills, and AI exposure on the same page — same data, same scale, no forecast.
Options the data surfaces for Word Processors and Typists — not advice or a forecast. Each is a real cross-link you can follow into the evidence.
Capabilities this work builds that are used across many other occupations.
Occupations O*NET rates as related — the nearby moves on the map.
How people typically prepare for this work.
On the global GenAI exposure gradient this work sits around the 100th percentile of 427 international occupations.
Word Processors and Typists show 70th-percentile AI task overlap — and about 2,200 annual U.S. openings
Word Processors and Typists show 70th-percentile AI task overlap — and about 2,200 annual U.S. openings • Word Processors and Typists rank in the 70th percentile (High band) for AI task overlap across U.S. occupations — a measure of how much of the work today's AI can attempt, not how much is automated. (Eloundou et al. (GPTs are GPTs) + Felten AIOE) • The occupation is projected to see about 2,200 U.S. job openings per year (2024–34), counting growth and replacement — a labor-demand projection made independently of AI. (BLS Employment Projections 2024–34) • BLS projects employment to be declining (-36.1%) from 2024 to 2034. (BLS Employment Projections 2024–34) • Median annual pay is $47,850, across about 36,030 U.S. workers. (BLS OEWS (May 2024)) • Of the AI use actually observed for this work, 38% looks like augmentation (drafting, iterating, checking) rather than hands-off automation — from a Claude.ai usage sample, not a census. (2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2) Source: Singulariki — "Word Processors and Typists". https://singulariki.com/roles/role-43-9022-00 Note: AI task overlap measures what today's AI can attempt, not automation, job loss, or a forecast.
AssetsShare imageMethodology & sourcesPress & newsroomThe newsroom
Every line is built only from figures this page already shows and cites. AI task overlap means what today's AI can attempt — not automation, job loss, or a forecast.
Every figure above traces to a named public dataset and the exact release below — not hand-written opinion. See the full methodology for what each measure does and does not mean.
Data compiled June 2, 2026. Figures are estimates, not advice.
Singulariki. "Word Processors and Typists." Singulariki: a source-backed encyclopedia of work. Built from O*NET 30.3; BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) May 2024; BLS Employment Projections 2024–2034; Anthropic Economic Index v4 (2026-01-15) + v2 (2025-03-27); Microsoft “Working with AI” working-with-ai; “GPTs are GPTs” (Eloundou et al.) arXiv 2303.10130; AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) Felten, Raj & Seamans; ILO / Gmyrek et al. GenAI exposure gradient 2025; IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 occupation crosswalk 2022; Frey & Osborne (2013) frey-osborne-automation; Dingel & Neiman (2020) dingel-neiman-workathome. Accessed June 7, 2026. https://singulariki.com/roles/role-43-9022-00
Singulariki. (2026). Word Processors and Typists. Singulariki: a source-backed encyclopedia of work. Retrieved June 7, 2026, from https://singulariki.com/roles/role-43-9022-00
@misc{singulariki-role-43-9022-00,
title = {Word Processors and Typists},
author = {{Singulariki}},
year = {2026},
note = {O*NET 30.3; BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) May 2024; BLS Employment Projections 2024–2034; Anthropic Economic Index v4 (2026-01-15) + v2 (2025-03-27); Microsoft “Working with AI” working-with-ai; “GPTs are GPTs” (Eloundou et al.) arXiv 2303.10130; AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) Felten, Raj & Seamans; ILO / Gmyrek et al. GenAI exposure gradient 2025; IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 occupation crosswalk 2022; Frey & Osborne (2013) frey-osborne-automation; Dingel & Neiman (2020) dingel-neiman-workathome. Accessed June 7, 2026},
url = {https://singulariki.com/roles/role-43-9022-00}
} Citations name the underlying public dataset releases — they reflect what this page is built from, not just the URL.