Skills it runs on
The capabilities O*NET rates most important for this occupation — the human ground the work is built on.
See all skills →Billing and Posting Clerks
Occupation · SOC 43-3021.00
Compile, compute, and record billing, accounting, statistical, and other numerical data for billing purposes. Prepare billing invoices for services rendered or for delivery or shipment of goods.
Also called: Billing Clerk · Billing Coordinator · Pre-Audit Clerk · Statement Clerk · Account Services Representative (Accounts Services Rep) · Biller · Item Processing Clerk (IP Clerk) · Medical Biller · Statement Distribution Clerk · Statement Services Representative (Statement Services Rep) · Account Clerk · Accounting Assistant
Job family: Office and Administrative Support Occupations
Take this to your AI
A source-stamped Markdown brief of this occupation — paste it into an agent, or fetch
/roles/role-43-3021-00/context.md directly.
AI work map
A fast read on where AI already shows up in this occupation, where it stays a copilot, where humans remain in the loop, and what the labor market is doing. Built from observed Claude.ai conversations mapped to O*NET tasks and from published research — measures of usage and exposure, not advice or predictions that the job is going away.
Market signal
Independent published positions, read together — not a forecast.
- Declining employment outlook (-0.4% by 2034)
- 42,200 openings/yr
- High AI exposure
- Median pay $47,170/yr
- Can largely be done remotely (teleworkable)
- Both the 2013 computerization estimate and today's AI exposure rank this high
80th-percentile task overlap — yet about 42,200 openings a year (-0.4% projected, BLS) . What exposure means →
AI & job outlook
What today's research says about this occupation's exposure to AI, how AI is actually being used in it, and where employment is headed. These are positions within published studies — measures of exposure and usage, not predictions that this job will disappear.
Exposure to current AI
Each study uses its own scale, so the raw scores are not comparable across rows — the percentile (this job's rank among all U.S. occupations with data) is the comparable figure, and sizes the bars.
| Measure | Rank vs all occupations | Percentile | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.) High | 89th | 1.3 | |
| LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou) High | 72nd | 0.9 | |
| AI assistant applicability (Microsoft) High | 74th | 0.2 |
OpenAI's exposure study scores tasks three ways: with a language model alone (α 0.7), with simple added tooling (β 0.8), and including AI-powered software (γ 0.9). Higher means more of the job's tasks could be done at least twice as fast — not that they will be automated away.
Most of this job's tasks can be done remotely (Dingel–Neiman), which tends to track with higher digital and AI exposure.
Historical automation estimate (2013)
A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking.
Frey–Osborne probability 1.0 · 91st percentile among occupations · High
How AI is actually used in this job
Among measured AI assistant conversations mapped to this occupation (Anthropic Economic Index, 2026-01-15), these task types came up most. These are shares of observed AI conversations — not shares of the job, of worker time, or of what could be automated.
| Operate typing, adding, calculating, or billing machines. | 0.7% | |
| Prepare itemized statements, bills, or invoices and record amounts due for items purchased or services rendered. | 0.5% | |
| Resolve discrepancies in accounting records. | 0.5% | |
| Verify accuracy of billing data and revise any errors. | 0.3% |
Job outlook
Independent U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics employment projection for 2024–2034 — a labor-market forecast, not an AI-impact forecast.
| Outlook | Declining · -0.4% by 2034 |
| Projected annual openings | 42,200 |
| Employment 2024 → 2034 | 429,800 → 427,900 |
“Annual openings” counts new jobs plus replacements for workers who leave the occupation, so it can be large even when growth is modest.
Where this work sits on the global GenAI gradient
The ILO's 2025 global study scores generative-AI exposure on the international ISCO-08 occupation system, not US SOC. Bridged through the published (and approximate, many-to-many) IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 crosswalk, this US occupation corresponds to the international occupation below. Exposure here means how much of the work's tasks today's AI can attempt — task overlap, not automation, adoption, or jobs lost.
Billing and Posting Clerks sits at the 100th percentile of 427
occupations on the global GenAI task-exposure gradient
— exposure eased from 2023 to 2025. Each dot is one occupation; the
ringed one is this work. Exposure is task overlap, not automation or jobs lost.
64% mean task exposure (2025)
100th percentile of 427 placed occupations
−5 pts shift 2023 → 2025
| International occupation (ISCO-08) | Task exposure (2025) | Most tasks fall in |
|---|---|---|
| Accounting and Bookkeeping Clerks · 4311 | 64% | Gradient 4 |
Read the whole six-band gradient on the GenAI exposure gradient page. The crosswalk is approximate: a US occupation can map to several international ones, and the ILO scores describe the international occupation, not this exact US role.
Tasks
All 30 tasks O*NET lists for this occupation, ordered by importance. Each links to its own page with AI-exposure and observed-use detail.
- Verify accuracy of billing data and revise any errors. Core · importance 4.9
- Resolve discrepancies in accounting records. Core · importance 4.6
- Prepare itemized statements, bills, or invoices and record amounts due for items purchased or services rendered. Core · importance 4.6
- Operate typing, adding, calculating, or billing machines. Core · importance 4.5
- Review documents, such as purchase orders, sales tickets, charge slips, or hospital records, to compute fees or charges due. Supplemental · importance 4.5
- Post stop-payment notices to prevent payment of protested checks. Core · importance 4.4
- Keep records of invoices and support documents. Core · importance 4.4
- Verify signatures and required information on checks. Core · importance 4.4
- Perform bookkeeping work, including posting data or keeping other records concerning costs of goods or services or the shipment of goods. Core · importance 4.3
- Track accumulated hours and dollar amounts charged to each client job to calculate client fees for professional services, such as legal or accounting services. Supplemental · importance 4.3
- Contact customers to obtain or relay account information. Core · importance 4.3
- Weigh envelopes containing statements to determine correct postage and affix postage, using stamps or metering equipment. Supplemental · importance 4.2
- Consult sources, such as rate books, manuals, or insurance company representatives, to determine specific charges or information such as rules, regulations, or government tax and tariff information. Supplemental · importance 4.2
- Compare previously prepared bank statements with canceled checks and reconcile discrepancies. Supplemental · importance 4.2
- Take orders for imprinted checks. Supplemental · importance 4.1
- Encode and cancel checks, using bank machines. Supplemental · importance 4.0
- Load machines with statements, cancelled checks, or envelopes to prepare statements for distribution to customers or stuff envelopes by hand. Supplemental · importance 4.0
- Compute credit terms, discounts, shipment charges, or rates for goods or services to complete billing documents. Supplemental · importance 3.9
- Update manuals when rates, rules, or regulations are amended. Supplemental · importance 3.9
- Route statements for mailing or over-the-counter delivery to customers. Core · importance 3.9
- Review compiled data on operating costs and revenues to set rates. Supplemental · importance 3.6
- Monitor equipment to ensure proper operation. Core · importance 3.5
- Fix minor problems, such as equipment jams, and notify repair personnel of major equipment problems. Core · importance 3.4
- Answer inquiries regarding rates, routing, or procedures.
- Compile reports of cost factors, such as labor, production, storage, and equipment.
- Create billing documents, shipping labels, credit memorandums, or credit forms.
- Estimate market value of products or services. Supplemental
- Match statements with batches of canceled checks by account numbers. Supplemental
- Perform general administrative tasks, such as answering telephones, scheduling appointments, and ordering supplies or equipment.
- Return checks to customers or retrieve checks returned to customers in error, adjusting accounts and answering inquiries about errors as necessary.
Work activities
- Provide information to coworkers.
- Verify accuracy of financial or transactional data.
- Maintain financial or account records.
- Prepare documentation for contracts, transactions, or regulatory compliance.
- Operate office equipment.
- Reconcile records of sales or other financial transactions.
- Discuss account status or activity with customers or patrons.
- Calculate costs of goods or services.
- Route mail to correct destinations.
- Monitor equipment operation to ensure proper functioning.
- Maintain office equipment in proper operating condition.
- Report maintenance or equipment problems to appropriate personnel.
- Weigh parcels to determine shipping costs.
- Order materials, supplies, or equipment.
- Execute sales or other financial transactions.
- Search files, databases or reference materials to obtain needed information.
- Maintain operational records.
- Prepare informational or reference materials.
- Calculate shipping costs.
- Analyze financial information.
- Explain regulations, policies, or procedures.
- Prepare financial documents, reports, or budgets.
- Prepare financial documents.
- Schedule appointments.
- Answer telephones to direct calls or provide information.
- Calculate financial data.
- Respond to customer problems or complaints.
Knowledge, skills & abilities
O*NET importance rating, from 1 (not important) to 5 (extremely important).
Knowledge
Essential skills
| Reading Comprehension | 3.6 | |
| Mathematics | 3.3 | |
| Active Listening | 3.1 | |
| Speaking | 3.1 | |
| Critical Thinking | 3.1 | |
| Monitoring | 3.1 | |
| Writing | 3.0 | |
| Active Learning | 2.8 |
Abilities
| Written Comprehension | 3.6 | |
| Near Vision | 3.6 | |
| Oral Expression | 3.5 | |
| Information Ordering | 3.5 | |
| Oral Comprehension | 3.4 | |
| Written Expression | 3.4 | |
| Speech Recognition | 3.4 | |
| Problem Sensitivity | 3.3 | |
| Speech Clarity | 3.3 | |
| Deductive Reasoning | 3.1 | |
| Category Flexibility | 3.1 | |
| Number Facility | 3.1 | |
| Inductive Reasoning | 3.0 | |
| Mathematical Reasoning | 2.9 | |
| Flexibility of Closure | 2.9 | |
| Selective Attention | 2.8 | |
| Perceptual Speed | 2.6 | |
| Memorization | 2.5 |
Transferable skills
| Time Management | 3.1 | |
| Social Perceptiveness | 2.9 | |
| Service Orientation | 2.9 | |
| Complex Problem Solving | 2.9 | |
| Judgment and Decision Making | 2.9 | |
| Coordination | 2.8 |
Skills in demand
Skills employers ask for in job postings for this occupation (Lightcast), with whether each is a common or specialized skill.
Showing the top 40 of 48.
Tools & technology
Showing the top 40 of 54.
Work context
How characteristic each condition is of the job, on O*NET's 1–5 context scale (higher = more present in day-to-day work). Each condition links to how it varies across all occupations.
How to get in
- Job zone
- Zone 3 — Job Zone Three: Medium Preparation Needed
- Education
- Most occupations in this zone require training in vocational schools, related on-the-job experience, or an associate's degree.
- Typical entry-level education
- High school diploma or equivalent · BLS, the typical path — not a requirement
- Related experience
- Previous work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is required for these occupations. For example, an electrician must have completed three or four years of apprenticeship or several years of vocational training, and often must have passed a licensing exam, in order to perform the job.
- Preparation level
- SVP (6.0 to < 7.0) — total schooling plus on-the-job experience.
Education of current workers
Share of people in this occupation at each level of education.
| Some College Courses | 51.5% | |
| High School Diploma | 20.7% | |
| Post-Secondary Certificate | 16.6% | |
| Associate's Degree (or other 2-year degree) | 9.2% | |
| Bachelor's Degree | 2.0% |
Interests & work styles
The interests and personal qualities O*NET associates with people who do this work.
Career interests (Holland / RIASEC)
| Conventional | 7.0 | |
| Realistic | 2.8 | |
| Enterprising | 2.8 | |
| Investigative | 1.6 |
Interest areas
| Accounting | 6.6 | |
| Office Work | 6.4 | |
| Finance | 2.7 | |
| Management/Administration | 1.9 | |
| Information Technology | 1.8 | |
| Health Care Service | 1.8 | |
| Mathematics/Statistics | 1.7 | |
| Human Resources | 1.6 |
Work styles
| Dependability | 3.0 | |
| Attention to Detail | 2.7 | |
| Integrity | 2.1 | |
| Cautiousness | 1.8 |
Wages & employment
U.S. · annual wages (BLS OEWS)
| 10th percentile | $35,760 |
| 25th percentile | $40,260 |
| Median (50th) | $47,170 |
| 75th percentile | $56,350 |
| 90th percentile | $64,990 |
| People employed | 417,500 |
Industries that employ this occupation
Where these workers are employed, by number of jobs (national, BLS OEWS). Pay shown is the occupation's national median, not industry-specific.
| Industry | Workers | National median pay |
|---|---|---|
| Health Care and Social Assistance · Sector | 180,730 | $46,880 |
| Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services · Sector | 55,820 | $47,740 |
| Management of Companies and Enterprises · Sector | 29,410 | $48,730 |
| Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services · Sector | 28,910 | $46,740 |
| Finance and Insurance · Sector | 19,540 | $47,910 |
| Wholesale Trade · Sector | 17,630 | $47,860 |
| Retail Trade · Sector | 14,750 | $43,990 |
| Transportation and Warehousing · Sector | 13,850 | $42,480 |
| Construction · Sector | 10,410 | $50,090 |
| Information · Sector | 8,450 | $50,350 |
| Manufacturing · Sector | 8,340 | $49,080 |
| Offices of Physical, Occupational and Speech Therapists, and Audiologists · National industry | 6,620 | $45,130 |
Where this work is most concentrated
Industries where this occupation is far more common than in the economy as a whole. The location quotient is how many times more concentrated it is here (a value of 5 means five times its economy-wide share).
| Industry | Concentration | Workers |
|---|---|---|
| Offices of Optometrists · National industry | 11.5× | 4,750 |
| Offices of Chiropractors · National industry | 10.91× | 4,310 |
| Ambulance Services · National industry | 5.62× | 2,500 |
| Offices of Physical, Occupational and Speech Therapists, and Audiologists · National industry | 5.13× | 6,620 |
| Offices of Mental Health Practitioners (except Physicians) · National industry | 4.95× | 3,240 |
| Outpatient Mental Health and Substance Abuse Centers · National industry | 4.95× | 4,150 |
| Management of Companies and Enterprises · Sector | 3.87× | 29,410 |
| Health Care and Social Assistance · Sector | 2.89× | 180,730 |
Related occupations
Part of the Financial Services career cluster.
- Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks · 43-3031.00 Compare →
- Customer Service Representatives · 43-4051.00 Compare →
- Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks · 43-9041.00 Compare →
- Office Clerks, General · 43-9061.00 Compare →
- Credit Authorizers, Checkers, and Clerks · 43-4041.00 Compare →
- Brokerage Clerks · 43-4011.00 Compare →
- Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks · 43-3051.00 Compare →
- Bill and Account Collectors · 43-3011.00 Compare →
- File Clerks · 43-4071.00 Compare →
- Order Clerks · 43-4151.00 Compare →
- Correspondence Clerks · 43-4021.00 Compare →
- Accountants and Auditors · 13-2011.00 Compare →
Side-by-side comparisons place two occupations’ pay, preparation, skills, and AI exposure on the same page — same data, same scale, no forecast.
What you can do with this
Options the data surfaces for Billing and Posting Clerks — not advice or a forecast. Each is a real cross-link you can follow into the evidence.
Skills that travel
Capabilities this work builds that are used across many other occupations.
Adjacent roles
Occupations O*NET rates as related — the nearby moves on the map.
Paths in
How people typically prepare for this work.
- High school diploma or equivalent · typical entry level
- Job zone 3 — Job Zone Three: Medium Preparation Needed · preparation tier
Zoom out
On the global GenAI exposure gradient this work sits around the 100th percentile of 427 international occupations.
Write a report on thisheadline · factoids · citation
Billing and Posting Clerks show 80th-percentile AI task overlap — and about 42,200 annual U.S. openings
- Billing and Posting Clerks rank in the 80th percentile (High band) for AI task overlap across U.S. occupations — a measure of how much of the work today's AI can attempt, not how much is automated.Eloundou et al. (GPTs are GPTs) + Felten AIOE
- The occupation is projected to see about 42,200 U.S. job openings per year (2024–34), counting growth and replacement — a labor-demand projection made independently of AI.BLS Employment Projections 2024–34
- BLS projects employment to be declining (-0.4%) from 2024 to 2034.BLS Employment Projections 2024–34
- Median annual pay is $47,170, across about 417,500 U.S. workers.BLS OEWS (May 2024)
Copy the whole kit
Billing and Posting Clerks show 80th-percentile AI task overlap — and about 42,200 annual U.S. openings • Billing and Posting Clerks rank in the 80th percentile (High band) for AI task overlap across U.S. occupations — a measure of how much of the work today's AI can attempt, not how much is automated. (Eloundou et al. (GPTs are GPTs) + Felten AIOE) • The occupation is projected to see about 42,200 U.S. job openings per year (2024–34), counting growth and replacement — a labor-demand projection made independently of AI. (BLS Employment Projections 2024–34) • BLS projects employment to be declining (-0.4%) from 2024 to 2034. (BLS Employment Projections 2024–34) • Median annual pay is $47,170, across about 417,500 U.S. workers. (BLS OEWS (May 2024)) Source: Singulariki — "Billing and Posting Clerks". https://singulariki.com/roles/role-43-3021-00 Note: AI task overlap measures what today's AI can attempt, not automation, job loss, or a forecast.
AssetsShare imageMethodology & sourcesPress & newsroomThe newsroom
Every line is built only from figures this page already shows and cites. AI task overlap means what today's AI can attempt — not automation, job loss, or a forecast.
Sources for this page
Every figure above traces to a named public dataset and the exact release below — not hand-written opinion. See the full methodology for what each measure does and does not mean.
- O*NET 30.3 U.S. Department of Labor / National Center for O*NET Development
- BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) May 2024 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
- BLS Employment Projections 2024–2034 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Anthropic Economic Index v4 (2026-01-15) + v2 (2025-03-27) Anthropic
- Microsoft “Working with AI” working-with-ai Microsoft Research
- “GPTs are GPTs” (Eloundou et al.) arXiv 2303.10130 OpenAI / academic
- AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) Felten, Raj & Seamans academic
- ILO / Gmyrek et al. GenAI exposure gradient 2025 International Labour Organization
- IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 occupation crosswalk 2022 Institute for Structural Research (IBS)
- Frey & Osborne (2013) frey-osborne-automation academic
- Dingel & Neiman (2020) dingel-neiman-workathome academic
Data compiled June 2, 2026. Figures are estimates, not advice.
Cite this page
Plain
Singulariki. "Billing and Posting Clerks." Singulariki: a source-backed encyclopedia of work. Built from O*NET 30.3; BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) May 2024; BLS Employment Projections 2024–2034; Anthropic Economic Index v4 (2026-01-15) + v2 (2025-03-27); Microsoft “Working with AI” working-with-ai; “GPTs are GPTs” (Eloundou et al.) arXiv 2303.10130; AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) Felten, Raj & Seamans; ILO / Gmyrek et al. GenAI exposure gradient 2025; IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 occupation crosswalk 2022; Frey & Osborne (2013) frey-osborne-automation; Dingel & Neiman (2020) dingel-neiman-workathome. Accessed June 7, 2026. https://singulariki.com/roles/role-43-3021-00
APA
Singulariki. (2026). Billing and Posting Clerks. Singulariki: a source-backed encyclopedia of work. Retrieved June 7, 2026, from https://singulariki.com/roles/role-43-3021-00
BibTeX
@misc{singulariki-role-43-3021-00,
title = {Billing and Posting Clerks},
author = {{Singulariki}},
year = {2026},
note = {O*NET 30.3; BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) May 2024; BLS Employment Projections 2024–2034; Anthropic Economic Index v4 (2026-01-15) + v2 (2025-03-27); Microsoft “Working with AI” working-with-ai; “GPTs are GPTs” (Eloundou et al.) arXiv 2303.10130; AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) Felten, Raj & Seamans; ILO / Gmyrek et al. GenAI exposure gradient 2025; IBS O*NET-SOC ↔ ISCO-08 occupation crosswalk 2022; Frey & Osborne (2013) frey-osborne-automation; Dingel & Neiman (2020) dingel-neiman-workathome. Accessed June 7, 2026},
url = {https://singulariki.com/roles/role-43-3021-00}
} Citations name the underlying public dataset releases — they reflect what this page is built from, not just the URL.